Arguments for Open Adoption Records Essays -- Law

For those who argon a part of the bridal world star of the most hotly debated issues is whether birth records should be open or closed to adoptees. With this issue comes strong feelings on both sides. In most states adoption records ar fully sealed and inaccessible, unless the adoptee petitions the court. In 16 states these records are fully or partially available upon request with no court involvement, and also may be upon when you were born. In a few states records are completely prohibited and the adoptee will never permit any access to them. Alaska and Kansas hold up unceasingly made schoolmaster birth records available.As an adoptee, I feel that all adoption records should be open. I believe that this can only strengthen the quality of the institution of adoption itself and positively affect all those involved in it. I am not one of those people who did not know I was adopted. I have always known. My parents are good and loving, and provided me with all that I asked as a child. However, just because they were very good parents did not decrease the inherent need I had to look at a face that is similar to my own. Open adoption records would provide the tools for people to learn indispensable information that is provided to all early(a) Americans beside themselves. Sealed records violate adoptees rights as human beings. Adoptees are discriminated against like no other group in this country. Records should be opened so that we have the same rights as those who are raised in their biological families. Open records in no way threaten the institution of adoption. There will always be mothers and fathers who are willing to chose a different path by giving their child away, just as there will always be those parents who wish to provi... ...2002) p271-310. Academic OneFile. Web. 17 Feb. 2012.Fleming, Caroline B. The open-records debate balancing the interests of birth parents and adult adoptees. William & Mary Journal of Women and the Law Spring (2005) 46 1-480. Academic OneFile. Web. 17 Feb. 2012.Freundlich, Madelyn. For the Records Restoring a Legal Right for Adult Adoptees. Evan B. Don Aldson Adoption Institute. New York, NY. (November 2007). www. Adoptioninstitute.org. Web. 17 Feb. 2012.Sorosky, A.D., Baran, A., & Pannor, R. The Adoption Triangle. New York Doubleday. (1984). Print.Whittaker Hughes, Susan. The only Americans legally prohibited from knowing who their birth parents are a rejection of privacy rights as a bar to adult adoptees access to original birth and adoption records. Cleveland State Law Review. 55.3 (Summer 2007) p429-461. Academic OneFile. Web. 17 Feb. 2012.

Love Canal :: essays research papers fc

The Love Canal is located near Niagara Falls in upstate New York. The Canal was constructed as a waterway during the nineteenth century, but was abandoned shortly later onwards. The Love Canal story is essentially the story of the thousands of families who lived unknowingly amongst an abandoned toxic chemic neutralise dump. It wasnt the first time in U.S history where this has happened, nor was it the worst, but it did grab the publics attention.In the 1930s before the Love Canal athletic field was turned into neighborhoods, the Hooker chemical Company purchased the area and used it as a burial site for 20,000 metric tons of chemicals. In 1953 the Hooker Chemical Company sold the land to the Niagara Falls Board of Education for $1.00. There was a stipulation in the deed, which stated that if anyone incurred physical harm or ending because of their buried wastes, they would not be responsible. Shortly after, the land changed hands yet again and this time home building began dir ectly adjacent to the canal. Families who bought homes here were incognizant of the waste buried in their backyards.With all the new homes in the area, an elementary school was opened near the corner of the canal in 1955. Soon after the opening, students and teachers began complaining of being burnt, nauseous odors, and black sludge (Gibbs 21). It wasnt till nearly thirty years later that the government finally decided to look into the complaints.Hooker admits to burying about 21,800 tons of various chemicals in the canal. There are at least twelve known carcinogens in the canal including benzine which is well-known for causing leukemia in people (Gibbs 22). The air, soil, and water tests have found chemical migration throughout a ten block residential area. The extent of the chemical migration is still unknown.The health effects due to the toxic waste dump are numerous and fatal. There was a high incidence of miscarriages and birth defects in children in the 239 families that liv ed here. The incident rate was so high that in 1978 New York State of Health issued a recommended temporary relocation of ALL pregnant women and children nether two (Gibbs 22). In May of 1980 President Carter declared a health emergency because of the abnormal amounts of chromosomal breakage in the Love Canal residents. In October of the same year the President signed a bill to evacuate all families permanently from Love Canal.

Censoring Our Students :: Argumentative, Legal Issues, Social Issues

Students do non shed their constitutional rights to freedom of manner of speaking or expression at the schoolho function gates.--Justice William BrennanFor many years it has been debated whether students have the same amendment rights as any other person in the world. Many would give tongue to that they do not. They would say that by taking away those state given rights they are protecting the students from being exposed to negative social occasions. Unfortunately the only thing that is being accomplished by this overprotection is the lack of understanding of the world they will soon be facing. Why not stand firm as a public institution that expresses and explores the complex range of human experiences? Why be diplomatic and apologetic about the fact that we do not faint away from difficult, challenging, and complex topics? (Durbin)There isnt a more appropriate statement. Why not stand firm? Prepare students for the veritable world. Teach them how to survive. By censoring out issues or only allowing limited discussions of high profile topics, students are not being exposed to life skills that are crucial to the real world. Therefore setting them up for failure. The American public schools, for many years, have been faced with the problem of censorship. Many such problems have been fostered by groups who question the use of instructional materials that do not meet their moral, religious, political, cultural, or ethic values (Sherrow 38). By censoring topics such as homosexuality, religion, sex, racial issues, and other taboo topics it is not allowing the growth and expansion of students minds.

Civil War :: essays research papers

Alpha--------------------------------------------------------------------------------AlphaThe first Greek alphabet alpha symbolizes the setoff of an event. Here, of course, we are talking about the beginning of the Civil contend. Conventional history claims that the American Civil War started on April 12, 1861 at the bombing of Fort Sumter. Is it on-key? We CW buffs probably would not quite satisfy with this answer, and we know there were armed hostile incidents happening long before Ft. Sumter, and we sh altogether examine them here. Carl Von Clausewitz, author of "On War", said that war is the extension of politic. The southernmost had long making threat that they would secede if the country elected the Lincoln as President. The North dismissed them. aft(prenominal) all, the southeasterners had been "talking" secession for the last 40 years since the 1820 Missouri Compromise. Too many cry wolves. Meanwhile, the South thought that the North wouldnt fight. " I could wipe all the blood with my handkerchief" proclaimed Leroy Walker, who later served as the first Confederate Secretary of War. "They are shopkeepers and factory workers. What do they know about soldiering?" The South believed that one southerner could easily beat 10 Yankees. So both sides underestimated the others determination. The drumming of war cry were beating slowly in the background. In the month of November 1860, events began to come alive up. Lincoln got elected on the 6th. South Carolina called for a Convention. New York stock market dropped its price. Maj. Anderson was ordered to Ft. Moultrie. Georgia voted a million dollars to arm the State. In December, South Carolina seceded on 20th. Anderson secretly moved the Federal garrison to Ft. Sumter at night on 26th. US Revenue Cutter William Aiken surrendered to S. Carolina State force on demand. occupy notice that President Buchanan took the "do nothing" policy. Taking a ship is clearly an act of war, according to the Northern viewpoint, but the same act would make the defense of a new Country from the Southern viewpoint. But if the Federal chose not to fight back, there would be no "conflict." So you could see that a series of "incidents" happened, but the Federal under Buchanan did not respond. The tempo of war drum increased in January 1861. South Carolina prepared for war / defense, organizing troops and guarding the wharfs and ships, and seized Ft. Johnson in Charleston Harbor. Federal organized militia to defend the D.C. Capital.

Investigating the concentration of the solutions inside the vacuole of a potato cell. :: essays research papers

Osmosis InvestigationWe are trying to find out what the closeness of the solutions is inside the vacuole of a white potato vine cell.We will investigate how the mass of the potato breaks change in different sucrose solution concentrations.We will use osmosis to do this.I will be measuring and controlling many different variables, these include -The dependent variable Weight of potato chipIndependent Variable Concentration of sucroseControl Variables consist of -1.Temperature2.Surface area of potato3.Volume of sucrose solution4.Same time for each potato chip submerged in solution5.Potato chips all from same potatoThe effects on the dependent variables all differ here is how the main variables in my experiment work out.Variable Effect on Dependent Variable Surface area of potato chipThe greater the surface area the more than water it will be able to absorbSame chip from the same potatoThe genetic make-up will be the same and accordingly the partly permemble membrane will be si milarTime left in the solutionThe longer spent in solution the more that is wrappedCoating on the potato chipsIf not rinsed off and dried after a certain period of time the chips will form a cake of sugar thus decreasing surface areaQuantitative prediction I predict that the effect of changing the sucrose concentration will be that as the concentration of the sucrose solution increases, first of all the mass of the chip will increase, and then the change in mass will step by step decrease until mass is lost and this mass loss will gradually increase in amount.Because when the sucrose concentration is low, the concentration of water right(prenominal) the cells of the potato chips will be greater than that inside, and therefore water will osmosis into the cells of the chip which will gain mass. As the concentration of sucrose increases the concentration of water outside the call will eventually wrench less than inside the cells of the chip and mass will be lost.DependentVariableIn side the cells Outside the cells trim down solution Concentrated solutionHigher water concentration Low water concentrationKey= Sucrose particle= water molecule= osmosis= partly permeable membraneIn the higher sucrose concentration solution, the net movement of water (osmosis) is to the outside of the cell, and the chip will lose mass, the cells will become plasmolysed.The chip in a low concentration of sucrose solution, is the opposite of the diagram above, in that the water osmoses into the cells of the chip, mass it gained, through osmosis of water into the plant cells, the cells will become turgid.

Investigating the concentration of the solutions inside the vacuole of a potato cell. :: essays research papers

Osmosis InvestigationWe are trying to find out what the density of the solutions is inside the vacuole of a potato cell.We will go over how the mass of the potato chips change in different saccharose solution concentrations.We will use osmosis to do this.I will be measuring and despotic many different variables, these include -The dependent Variable Weight of potato chipIndependent Variable Concentration of sucroseControl Variables consist of -1.Temperature2. locate compass of potato3.Volume of sucrose solution4.Same time for each potato chip submerged in solution5.Potato chips all(prenominal) from same potatoThe effects on the dependent variables all differ here is how the main variables in my experiment work out.Variable Effect on Dependent Variable Surface area of potato chipThe greater the surface area the more irrigate it will be able to launchSame chip from the same potatoThe genetic make-up will be the same and therefore the partly permemble membrane will be kindred Time left in the solutionThe longer spent in solution the more that is absorbedCoating on the potato chipsIf not rinsed glowering and dried after a certain period of time the chips will form a coat of sugar thus decreasing surface areaQuantitative prediction I predict that the effect of changing the sucrose concentration will be that as the concentration of the sucrose solution increases, world-class of all the mass of the chip will increase, and then the change in mass will gradually decrease until mass is lost and this mass injustice will gradually increase in amount.Because when the sucrose concentration is low, the concentration of body of water outside the cells of the potato chips will be greater than that inside, and therefore water will osmosis into the cells of the chip which will gain mass. As the concentration of sucrose increases the concentration of water outside the call will eventually become little than inside the cells of the chip and mass will be lost.Dependen tVariableInside the cells Outside the cellsDilute solution Concentrated solutionHigher water concentration Low water concentrationKey= Sucrose particle= water molecule= osmosis= partially permeable membraneIn the higher sucrose concentration solution, the net movement of water (osmosis) is to the outside of the cell, and the chip will lose mass, the cells will become plasmolysed.The chip in a low concentration of sucrose solution, is the opposite of the diagram above, in that the water osmoses into the cells of the chip, mass it gained, through osmosis of water into the plant cells, the cells will become turgid.

07.03 Immigration

Graphic Organizer Immigrant Journals Lee Chew Mary Antin What is the main idea verbalised in the authors journal? Mistreatment of the Chinese The equality and freedom in America Is the author happy or unhappy with his/her experience in America? Unhappy Happy Explain one experience the author had that reflects his/her escort of America. He talks about how he is unable to bring his married woman to America over from China or marry an American woman, but how the Irish, Germans, Englishmen, and Italians are treated much nicer than the Chinese. She talks about how she was able to go to inform without fees, examinations, machinations, rulings, and no questions asked. She was able to get education for free. List at least three words from the journal entries that reflect the authors point of view toward America. Mean, Misfortune, and Ignorant Hope, Delight, and Treasure Two of the writers, Emma and Mary, thought of America as a place of freedom and hope, while the third writer, Lee saw that America as an injustice place to live.Marys journal excerpt was her experience of coming at living in America for the first time. Her accounting was a story of hope and happiness, of a little Russian girl able to receive free education with no tests, papers, or anything really in return. Emmas song was also very hopeful and happy. Instead of writing about her story of coming to America, she wrote about the symbolism that the Statue of Liberty held.She saw the Statue of Liberty as a place Americas welcoming to the homeless, jobless, and the poor. Were all those people could have a second chance of life and a first chance of freedom, but Lees point of view differs with these two writers. He believes that America is an unfair to his race and culture, while other immigrants get treated better. He feels discriminated and that nobody will do or does anything to help him and the rest of his Chinese culture.In my opinion, I believe our attitudes, as Americans, toward immigrants a re very different from the sentiments stated on the Statue of Liberty. Most Americans would not need to welcome the homeless and poor. Also many Americans feel that immigrants are taking jobs away from American citizens especially now in that we are in a recession. So most Americans would probably have a ver changed opinion from the sentiments of the Statue of Liberty.

Retirement vs. Strife in Old Age Essay

A man that spends many years in active service be it for himself or for a more noble reason much(prenominal) as his country or people, would more certainly than not find retirement a disorienting prospect once he faces it. Retirement promoter stopping whatever has kept one alive and working for most of his healthy years. It actor realigning his goals, getting used to other, more leisurely and less backbreaking habits as befitting old advance, and preparing to face death with peace and resignation.In Lord Alfred Tennysons poem Ulysses, the mythical hero of Homers epics expresses his disturbance about coming back home to Ithaca to reclaim his old responsibilities as king after years of traveling overseas and fighting the Trojan war, and his swear of undertaking a new adventure, instead. The poem begins with Ulysses dreading his return to resume the job of an idle king (Tennyson 1). He could not imagine the relevance of staying home with an old wife (Tennyson 3) and to mete and dole (Tennyson 4) rewards or punishments to the people he governsmost of whom he does not know nor they of him but for his position as king.Ulysses does not analogous his former action of idleness and monotony even if it was a brio of comfort and wealth. He prefers to travel and seek for adventures, testing livelihood to its limits. For Ulysses, traveling means enjoying and suffering unpredictable moments. The sea and foreign lands, unlike a kingdom, presents varied and new experiences. Those that he had experienced so far have given him a hungry heart (Tennyson 12). His voyages have brought him to strange places, bothowed him to interact with different peoples, customs and cultures, and meet creatures unimaginable if one simply stayed in one place all his living.Moreover, he has experienced the drunk delight (Tennyson 16) of war in Troy. Nothing in his kingdom could equal the things he did and witnessed. All that Ulysses saw and did made him what he has become and has produce d a kind of restlessness or thirst upon his soul that cannot now be satiated by ruling a kingdom. This past life as king has become dull in comparison to his life as a voyager and soldier. According to him, a person who is contented with his present life is like rusting and acknowledging that the only purpose of life is to breathe.Ulysses wants to follow knowledge like a sinking star/ Beyond the utmost bound of serviceman thought (Tennyson 31-32). He would like to keep exploring and test the boundaries of the capacities of an ordinary mortal, even one who is already old and less agile. He believes that ones age is not a factor to consider because old age hath yet his honor and his toil (Tennyson 50). Only death can stop and end the possibilities that life has to offer. In the end, Ulysses appoints his son, Telemachus, to take his place as king, leaving him the scepter and the isle (Tennyson 34).Meanwhile, he prepares to embark on another journey. The speakers exhortations to his fo rmer companions in the final stanza may well be read as words that any man should well take heed as a person-to-person advice, especially those who are contemplating a sedentary retirement in their senior years. The lines encourage anyone to not worry about the physical limitations that old age imposes upon every individual because the weakness of the body can easily be overcome when one is strong in will (Tennyson 69). This is also how a heroic life is lived.

NPM in the Philippines

The sporadic but accomplishmentive New Public Management practices in the Philippines as presented by the author may be good catalysts for NPM proliferation and veritable practice, but as presented by Vina and Aceron in Building the Basics, the small sources of commit often die a natural death due to disciple politics, corruption and in my own opinion, in some areas, violence.The idea of managing the government like a business and treating citizens not as constituents but customers/clients, public disposition is therefore mutating from a benefactor which people tend to thank for the service to as a service provider that the clients can claim their rightful service. The battle of Secretary Robredo to the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) is an effort of the Aquino Administration to have a successful grassroots-level performer and a paragon of good brass instrument to effect change in the national level.I believe that the idea is for a veteran and proven NPM practitioner who understands the local scene can effect change. This strategy has been marred with recent unsavory criticisms of how he handled the DILG, e. g. the Quirino Grandstand Massacre. On Robredo, I believe a DILG Secretary should have a very inviolate grasp on a wide array of sectors, still, he has to focus on the sector that he is most effective, local administration.His weakness on the different sectors should be complemented by undersecretaries and assistant secretaries to present a competent multi-sectoral leadership. On the privatization efforts of Weihl, if the Philippines will continue to further privatize services, a very thorough guinea pig should be made to assure that these companies which will be placed in monopolizing positions, would not be able to abuse that position and further place the Philippine further down the poverty line, e. . Oil Deregulation and Energy Sector Privatization. Though majority of the bureaucracy and the private sector have lost hop e in the moral recovery program of the government, I have not. A moral recovery program should go hand-in-hand with the headhunt for corrupt officials to expedite the change bear on in Philippine public administration. As the saying goes, if we want something weve never had before, we should be willing to do something weve never done before.

Invisible Man Essay

1977- A characters attempt to recapture or to reject the past is important in many plays, novels, and poems. Choose a literary work in which a character persuasions the past with such feelings as reverence, bitterness, or longing. Show with clear evidence from the work how the characters view of the past is used to develop a theme in the work.Ones past can be a frightening thing and for virtually is only a memory to be distanced. For the narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man, past serves as a connection to his mistakes, his grandfather, and his racial roots. But when he begins to call New York his home, these are ties he is not certain he wants to keep. At times, he wants to sever and forget all of it as soon as possible. At other times, he longs for the familiarity of his past, whatever it may encompass. Things that might once have piqued his interest now seem nothing but a stereotype. However, nonpareil cannot exist in the present without having come from somewhere past and f or this reason, his attempts to have less of a past, only further his progress toward invisibility. As an outstanding educatee at the premier Negro college in the south, the narrator is given the opportunity and the honor of chauffeuring one of the visiting board members around the town for an afternoon. But when he has a badly-timed lapse in judgment and agrees to show Norton the most unsophisticated regions of the town, he is expelled and sent to New York to work and gain funds for tuition, but in reality this is the last he will ever see of the college.However, for the narrator, out of sight doesnt necessarily mean out of mind as he finds himself very much comparing his current life to his days at the college and reflecting upon those fateful hours spent with Norton. Though he once bragged about his college education, he comes to determine its insignificance in his city life. The mistake resulting in his expulsion is at first a subject he feels quite bitter towards, but as tim e progresses, it is one he no longer holds contemptible. When he loses his status as a college student, he gains some degree of mediocrity. It is all too lenient to become invisible when you appear to be no different than the crowd surrounding you. This is what happened to the narrator when he rejected his past at the college. When the narrators grandfather is on the verge of death, he leaves some ambiguous and haunting last words that confuse and occasionally torment the narrator for the remainder of the book.Though, he does not express this inner-turmoil to anyone, it is always there to serve as unpleasant and disconcerting reminder of what was. At college, and later in New York, he often thinks of these words, or rather commands, trying unsuccessfully to ascertain meaning from them. This mystery is one he never solves and as he comes to know quite well, it is toilsome to live with unresolved and incomplete instructions. When he cant follow through on these instructions meant to be paramount in his life, he finds it easier to be invisible than to live with this discrepancy, this thorn in his side. The narrators favorite food is yams. Thats not to say he doesnt enjoy a bowl-full of grits or a table of fried chicken, but yams are a sweet, syrupy reminder of home for him.When he is in New York and is offered a bowl of grits by a white vendor, he becomes offended, seeing the suggestion as nothing but a racial stereotype. He is not one to be associated with such southern black food and hell have everyone know it. When, some months later, a Negro street vendor offers him a hot and delicious yam, he first denies it under the same premise, but walks back when the smell and nostalgia become too powerful, perhaps only accepting because of the peel off color of the vendor. But even when the vendor addresses the narrator as brother he becomes offended saying Im no brother of yours. In an attempt to appear as a civilized black man in the white world, he rejects these mementos of life at home almost instantly.The jam to impress leads him quickly and ironically on the path toward invisibility. And as he finds, it is pretty easy for a black man to become invisible in white society so long as he stays in line and pretends to agree with them. At the conclusion of the book, we see the narrator victuals below the city, occupying the sewers, with no one even aware of his existence- or inexistence. Though he once thought himself an outstanding member of the black race, the way his deliberate of cards has been played in the game of life has resulted in his plunge from superiority. For the narrator, past serves as a connection to his mistakes, his grandfather, and his racial roots. In denying this past, he has denied himself. He has gained true invisibility.

Managing project

GILL-alienation Group for Lean Construction (1993) proposed the concept of lean construction, beca procedure of the report- employment of the New Production Philosophy to Construction which was written by Laura(1992). Howell and Ballard (1997) set up LLC-The Lean Construction Institute and Introduced Lean Project Delivery System (LAPS) in order to reduce the waste at each part of endure. This article will discuss on diversity contents in LAPS such as its principles, theory, OFF analyses an different approach, which is mentioned in the MAMBO, being used in construction as well. . Discussion . 1 the application of LAPS in construction industry LAPS populate of 4 major parts which are project definition, lean institution lean supply and lean assembly. Moreover, different parts internal with each other in these 4 major parts (Ballard 2003). Project definition are required to contain all stakeholders aims and values, the concept of design as well as the criteria of design. Lean design not only needs to reflect the values, concepts 3 and criteria entirely also saves time to develop and explore alternatives.Lean supply is definite as an effective system which includes detailed engineering, fabrication and livery. Lean assembly consists of how to deliver the materials and how to install them. Deeply, there are 6 principles being used to guide the murder of LAPS. These principles contain eliminating waste, build reference in, create knowledge, deliver fast, respect people and optimize the whole. They result in 5 lean approaches to counseling. Firstly, specify values from the stance of the ultimate customer. Another approach is identifying the value streams meaning all steps should create value.Thirdly, creating flow is making the value-creating steps flow. Fourthly, the customer should be guided to actively pull the product from you. Finally, insistently implementation former approaches until a state of perfection is reached. According to these principles and ap proaches, James (2008) analyses the whole process of construction and then take aim the procedure quantization in order to improve the productivity. However, the production process in construction differs from manufacturing industry in that it is more complex and unpredictable.Slake(2000) found transformation flow value generation (TFH) theory which give the bounce implement LAPS into construction industry. This theory seems construction as a special broad of manufacture. So the mode we used to manage construction is called lean construction. It is a continuous process around value stream in order to satisfy all stakeholders claim and eliminate waste (Dickinson et. Al, 2004). According to the definition of lean construction 4 and TAP theory, the application of lean construction theory bear divide into maximize value, denigrate waste, stream direction and projects delivery.Woman et al (1996) believe that the most important thing of maximizing value is finding out what stakeh olders are. During large engineering project construction, stakeholder is a complex and impulsive system (Bertelsmann, 2002). According to Ballard and Howell (2003), the production design and process design should be integrated in order to reduce variation in the construction process. Maximizing value means fulfilling the propose value in an acceptable cost instead of reaching the goal with the lowest price (Bertelsmann 2002).Waste can be conclude as defective product, supply more than demand, inventory, unnecessary working procedure, useless staff movement, unnecessary transportation of goods and waiting (Non, 1978). The eighth kind of waste was found that the design and service are not accord with costumers waste. Macomb and Howell (2003) considered the information is not received which is a waste as well. Stream management has a significant influence on construction. There are 7 kinds of streams in the procedure namely, preparation work, site, staff, equipment, material, informa tion and external conditions.In order to manage these 7 streams, people need to set up a buffer which can make the stream work effective and efficient. Project delivery is used in construction which is based on the LAPS. Ballard and Howell(1993) found the Last Planner System (PICTURE 1) which was design 5 on the rational of LAPS. In the Last Planner System, the lowest jutner such as site administrator will be responsible for planning the resource requirement for next week. Then, manager will use Per Plan Completed (PC) to evaluate the weekly plan.Design criteria Master Schedules & Phase Schedules Work structuring Selecting, sequencing and Current situation & sizing work we think can prediction culture Preparation Order Selecting, Ranking, Workload production Weekly Schedule Resource Look-Ahead Plan be done Production Feedback Completed Work PICTURE 1 MAMBO There are several project managements are introduced in the MAMBO. Namely project integration management, project time manage ment, project cost management, project quality management, project human resource management, project communications management, project risk management, project procurement.Firstly, project integration management means the 6 method integrates consolidation, articulation, combinable characteristics as well as integrative actions which are important to complete the project, meet the customer, achieve stakeholder requirements and manage expectations. Secondly, reject time management can be defined as identifying and estimating diverse schedule activities in order to timely complete the project. Thirdly, project cost management contains planning process, estimating process, budgeting process and controlling be which can result in an appropriate budget.Fourthly, project quality management can be divided into quality planning, run quality assurance and perform quality control. Fifthly, project human resource management require planning the staff resource so that it can determine and i mprove the project team, furthermore, employ the feedback to manage the team. Sixthly, project ammunitions management is a method that sufficiently conveys the useful information to stakeholders. Seventeenth, project risk management means to predict and analysis the assertable risk so that planning the response and the preventive method.Finally, project procurement management consists of planning procurement processes and communicating with sellers, buyers and administrations. 2. 3 Comparison Current management methods regard the project as a sequential, simple and predictable producing system. Furthermore, they decompose the project into activities, work package, mission and so on, every mission can be implemented independently as well. These methods all use a top-down 7 management. Planning and present under the best of circumstances. As a result, the plan does not reflect complexity, high uncertainty and dynamics of the construction.It leads to the initiative can not be well-pl anned and well-executed. In contrast, LAPS seem the construction as a complex, dynamic and nonlinear producing system. The LAPS steering on the whole production system that it sets up a series of goals. LAPS underlines integrating product design and process planning, controlling them in the all product life cycle stages as well. The major preferences between LAPS and current project management focus on nine aspects. In the focus of attention aspect, LAPS more focus on the production system, but the method in MAMBO pay attention on transactions and contracts.For management object, lean project delivery looks at transformation, flow and value objects, however the current management in MAMBO focus on transformation goal. For decision making right, LAPS support to the grounding certificate in construction should take part in the decision making. In contrast, management methods in MOBS prefer to make decision follow by top-down management control system. In the design order aspect, pro duct and process are designed together in LAPS. In MAMBO, process design will start until product design finish.For product design, designer should consider the whole product life cycle stages in LAPS. In MAMBO, designer can consider the partial product life cycle stages. For collaboration approach, all the firms in construction supply-chain should initiative cooperate with each other in LAPS. The enterprises touch base with each 8 other through the market and only supply what the market demand in MAMBO. For planning, the schedule is planed from bottom to top in LAPS, but the schedule is landed from top to bottom in MAMBO. In learning aspect, learning is integrated into construction, company and supply-chain management in LAPS.

Gilgamesh and Odyssey Essay

Gilgamesh is an ancient verse form that significantly marked its name as someway world the first major heroic narrative in the dry land literature. Fractions of this literature were discovered uniquely carved in tablets even before the Romilitary personnel, Hebrew and Greek civilization appeared. Gilgamesh d largets a unique and propinquity story of Gilgamesh and his accomplice Enkidu that transcribed a complex and moving gist of bonds of fellowship, of the pursuit for prominence and of the enduring and timeless attempt to escape death, of which considered to be the common fate of compassionatekind.On the another(prenominal) hand, Odyssey, an epic story by Homer, is c oncerned on the idyllic events proceeded after a war and chief(prenominal)ly on the significant return of the heroes who survived the war. The main subject of this writ tenner epic work somehow focus on the enduring, drawn-out return of one of the heroes named Odysseus of Ithaca, whose fate is to amble in unkn take seas for ten years before he returned to his rocky kingdom. This paper will provide detailed and comprehensive comparison surrounded by the two main characters from both epics Gilgamesh and Odyssey.Motivation, goals, self-control, pride, orthogonal influences, behaviors and personal and social relationships will serve as points of comparison being grasped in this paper. Motivation and Goals Gilgamesh, as described in the transcription, was provided with bizarre and astonishing strength, courage, and steady by his divine and great creator. He is portrayed to be more of a god than a man. These characteristics of him profoundly surpass perpetuallyy(prenominal) circumstances all end-to-end his journey, a journey that significantly paved the greatest aspiration that credibly mankind would have wanted how to escape the universal fate of the human race.Simply, Gilgamesh wanted to run away from death and have eternal life. One of the tablets inscribed the mere dialogue between Gilgamesh and Utanapishtim (The Distant One). Utanapishtim is descriptively the wisest man who ever lived. Gilgameshs search for eternal life led him to ask Utanapishtim the greatest question, how to escape the universal fate of mankind? On a tablet transcribing such(prenominal) meeting, Gilgamesh apparently questions Utanapishtim of how did the latter join the ranks of the gods and find eternal life, though Gilgamesh described him non different physically indifferent and yet his eart drained of battle spirit.And as response to the wondering question of Gilgamesh, Utanapishtim told him the story of the flood. Utanapishtim profoundly stated that he was commanded to build a boat to save every(prenominal)one from the wrath of a ravage flood made by a god named Enlil, the chief god living on earth to wipe out human race. This story somehow illustrates events similar to the biblical script Noahs Ark. The punishment to human race by Enlil gave Utanapishtim the opportunity to have etern al life. Gilgameshs greatest achievement though was bringing back to the human race this untold and unknown story.Gilgamesh, by some means, got hold of a plant that can likely grant rebirth to those who eats it, but unfortunately, a serpent stole it from him. With greater wisdom, Gilgamesh returned to Uruk knowing that only the gods are immortal. The goal of seeking immortality is what made both Gilgamesh and Odysseus, from Homers epic Odyssey, distinct and divergent with each other. Unlike Gilgamesh, whose goal is to seek and find answers on how to become immortal, Odysseuss goal, on the hand, is merely the fact that he wants to find his way back home after a long and bloody war.During his voyage towards home, several temptations tested his mental qualities and physical endurance. Circe offered him the Lotus salad days that endows forgetfulness of home and family. The greatest temptation however is offered by the goddess Calypso, whom he spent his seven years with immortality. I nstead of accepting such promising offer of immortality, he somehow denied such and still chooses the human conditions in spite of struggles, difficulties, disappointments and even its foreseeable death.Odysseuss motivational force that drives his willingness to go back home is his wife, Penelope. willpower Gilgamesh was first described as a king without self-control, rash and violent. People of Uruk, his kingdom, often complained about his absence of self-control towards oppressiveness to the Sumerian gods. payable to this aggressiveness, the gods created Enkidu as counterweight to Gilgamesh. But surprisingly, both Gilgamesh and Enkidu became best of friends they fought together in every battles and wars, and found in each other the true companion they both sought.In an event where both took an adventure to seek universal fame and immortality pictures out the harsh and uncontrollable oppression to the gods overwhelmingly end the curtain to Enkidu. Enkidus death and his free burn ing and sole journey to seek immortality cause personal transformation. This change and transformation broaden his perception towards greater acceptance and recognition of reality and mans mortality. On the other hand, Odysseus has extreme sense of self-control. Within the epic story, his remarkable self-control was described and admired.Again, during his adventures on the voyage home, his mental abilities and his physical endurance were tested. Instances occurred that tempted him to move from his struggle towards home. A Lotus flower is said to suggest forgetfulness of home and family. Circe, goddess of magic, offered a pleasant life in the island of Lotus eaters. In the Phaeacia, he once offered the love and marriage of a young princess. Calypso is an immortal goddess whom Odysseus spent his life with for seven years offered the most significant and most tempting proposal, which probably all of mankind cannot propel.Calypso offered eternal life for Odysseus that will make him im mortal. But all of these temptations were single-handedly denied by Odysseus as he preferred more to be mortal and be human amidst varied struggles, disappointments and the predictable end called death. Self-control might be a struggle for every man, but if every man has the drive to hold on to their will and embrace limitation, it will never be too late or too impossible to resist and deny any temptations. PrideThe story of Gilgamesh started out as depiction of his arrogance of power. Because of his extraordinary capabilities endowed to him by his divine creator, his egotism of power be the relationship between mankind and the Summerian gods. To end Gilgameshs arrogance and injustices, gods then created Enkidu. His arrogance and pride concerning his power and unusual capabilities were continuously tested all throughout their journey in quest of rejuvenation of life and immortality.But then again, as mentioned earlier the previous section, after Enkidus death changed his perception not only towards mans mortality but also the perception of one-self. One of the most significant limitations that Odysseus possesses is his pride which Odysseus had much. Part of the story somehow visualized Odysseuss pride, particularly on the Cyclops island. When Odysseus and his men escaped safely from the island, Odysseus surprisingly brags and boasts about his exploit. Cyclops heard him and tossed huge rocks into the ship and some closely sing the ship.Effect of circumstances surrounding the character There are several external influences that bounds and affects the transformation of the once-known arrogant and violent king of Uruk. Due to the egoistic personality of Gilgamesh, it resulted to the discontentment and complaints from his hoi polloi in which Summerian God interfered. The effect of these external events somehow paved a new path towards the overall impacts of Gilgameshs journey that led to his transformation from an arrogant king to a more unselfish and wisdom-fi lled individual.Another circumstance that greatly affected the character is the death of his suppose and destined adversary, Enkidu. Enkidu was a god-like mortal created by the gods intended to end Gilgameshs injustices and arrogance. Both somehow became friends and found a true and deep bond of friendship with each other. Death of his friend allowed him to solely seek answers for mankinds immortality, which led him to his astonishment that there should no more battle to be fought and necessarily answers not surpassing violent circumstances.His continuous journey to seek answer guided him to Unatapishtim, the Divine One who could answer Gilgameshs wonderings, and which that this Divine One is goddamn with immortality and abundance from the gods. Their conversation drew in new and significant events of the Divine One that gave him unending mortality. This occurrence surprisingly influenced and changed Gilgameshs perception on mans mortality and broadens his acceptance to reality. Odysseuss journey back home from the Trojan War somehow had endowed circumstances that might affect his own beliefs and characteristics.For example, when tempted by different immortal goddesses, most especially on the offering by Calypso to have everlasting and unending existence, he still grasps tightly to his humanity and instead chose to be human than immortal. His faith and dedication somehow proved that every obstacles and disappointments can be surpassed if he is optimistic enough to extend and outdo every ounce of it. Behaviors In the beginning of the story, Gilgameshs subservient behavior is steered by his own self-contentment and self-sufficiency.Arrogant, violent, harsh, and no self-control are self-seeking behaviors and characteristics being affixed to the king, in which all these opened doors to discontentment and dissatisfaction from people. Gilgameshs behavior guided him to destruction. This ego-centric manner blinded Gilgamesh from reality that his conscious try to make him see. For an instance, Gilgamesh tried to strike down on Ishtar during their second adventure to Cedar Forest with Enkidu. Ishtar cannot handle Gilgameshs harsh rejection and provoked to send the Bull of Heaven against the people of Uruk.Although they succeeded, it brought terrible damage to his kingdom and brought about the painful death of Enkidu. Unlike Gilgamesh, who is depicted as ego-centric individual, Odysseus has the contrast of this characteristic. Odysseus is optimistic and altruistic as he struggles not only for his own survival during the war, but also for his shipmates personal survival. Odysseus is described having versatility which either way compliments his physical strength and courage in battle, skills he showed during the war at Troy.These behaviors somehow resulted from his eagerness to return home to his wife and from his perseverance to preserve and finish the heroic reputation and dignity that he won in war at Troy. The same scene that illustrated Od ysseus pride also depicts his care and being concerned to his fellow shipmates. After Cyclops threw boulders to the ship, Odysseus in haste gave his identity to Cyclops and the latter called Poseidon, his father, to punish Odysseus who brought harm to him. That incident hurt Odysseus more than losing his fellow men. This showed Odysseuss heed towards his fellow shipmen.Personal and Social Relationships The Gilgamesh poem depicted not only ancient Mesopotamian myths and legends, but also endowed diverse and complex relationships and dealings between people involved in the epic story, particularly the main character, Gilgamesh. Gilgameshs relationship towards his people as a king is somehow in deep and shaky condition. There have been misunderstandings and want of sense of unity between the king and its people that hindering a kingdom to flourish due to Gilgameshs disturbing and arrogant means of impression Uruk. Another unstable relationship is with Gilgamesh and the Summerian god s.Gilgamesh tends to oppress the gods which led to the creation of Enkidu. Although Enkidu was created as a counterweight of Gilgamesh, unpredictably, both became friends. Relationship between the king and the supposed enemy is probably the most light and happy relationship made by Gilgamesh. They think of each other as brothers and a true companion in which their common journey indeed deepened their brotherly bond and friendship. There are also different relationship built all throughout the story between Odysseus and other characters in the epic.Again, he built a strong and deep bond and camaraderie with his fellow men. He even risked himself just to keep other from falling in the hands of Cyclops. Odysseus somehow has heart of gold for those who treasure him and appreciate him from his doings. His relationship with his wife, Penelope, also is as strong and sturdy as a diamond which no one can break even through rough and long times of being away from each other. To show his commi tment and love to his wife, he even tricks his wifes suitors and disguised himself as beggar.

Human Performance Technology Model Essay

The journal I had chosen is Minding the gap , listing writ of executions issues apply the Human consummations engineering feign (HPT) . The purpose of this journal is to main a useful seat for identifying and charactering employee surgery issues in schoolman libraries , specific everyy in a erudition green . As we know , assessing and improving employee murder , especially program library dish outs are unendingly challenging . even so , HPT provides methods for evaluating human performances , such as the performance of employees at a serve up point , and , and provides method in fixing fusss that are place . most(prenominal) of the time , learning is always assumed source for m any(prenominal) performances issues , plainly HPT suggests that the facts of life is non always the answer and provides a frame of the other resolves referred to interjection . The HPT present created by the International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI , 2010 a ) was use d to evaluate employee performance at the service point in a newly created cultivation Commons . Various interventions are also discussed the breed performances issues in libraries.The HPT illustration may help librarians create measurable performance indicators which hind end be used to set standard of performances for employees. This nonplus is useful for a combination of student proles, para lords and librarians. The HPT position comes from field of HPT , which is the combination of education , psychology and transaction . So , HPT is the process of identifying and analyzing the gap between current performances ( where one is ) and ideal performance ( where one wants to be ) exploitation various diaphysiss such as samples . conclusion the gap can be done done with(predicate) a recommend rootage called an intervention. preventative in HPT refers to a course of action repeln to meliorate performance . Each defend of the HPT process helps one understand the beha viors of sight in an presidential term and of the memorial tablet as a whole . HPT aims to study observable behaviour twain undividedly and collectively. HPT ensures a through of a variety of areas within an organization in order to understand the performance gap. An compendium of values, norms, culture, structure, performance, and purlieu is recommended .Through an organization analysis , environmental analysis , gap analysis , can cause those who using HPT analysis determine the performance riddle or opportunity . Without careful analysis , in take into account intervention could be implemented . Intervention should be long term , evolutionary and progressive. Learning Commons in Randall Library at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW ) was using HPT model to evaluate employee performance. The Learning Commons provides a variety of cloggyware and software, a centralized service point is included in the middle of the Learning Commons.This service point staffe d by librarians who are full time faculty members at UNCW and universitys Technology cloger Center (TAC) student assistant who are hired to work part time at bigeminal service points , including the Learning Commons service point , in Randall Library . The primary user mathematical group of the Learning Commons is UNCW students . The learning Commons applied HPT after trio months opens . The performances issues identified after three months after opening .While some performance issues may work themselves out everyplacetime , if using the HPT model aboriginal in the operation can identify the problems immediately and prevents the problems . Application of the model can helps to identify the root of the causes and helps pinpoint attach solution for those issues. An boldness that training is always the appropriate solution for all performances problems can be corrected using HPT . As noted in the HPT model , thither are several phases of analysis which are performance analysi s , organisational analysis , environmental analysis , gap analysis and cause analysis .A cause analysis follows the performance analysis helps to identify a lack of environmental support or a lack of repertory behaviour. Intervention selection ,design , and using follow all analysis phases . That is because after identify all the gaps or problems , and so only can select the appropriate intervention to fix the problem . Main Body and preaching Human Performance Technology (HPT ) is a systematic undertake to improving productivity and competence , it is a strategy for solving problems and for realizing opportunities related to the performance of people .It uses a wide range of intervention to better person and organizational performance . on that point are three fundamental processes to go through . There are performance analysis ,cause analysis and intervention selection . It can be applied to individuals , petty(a) groups ,and large organizations . Without identified the c auses of the issues , the appropriate intervention impossible to created . Learning Commons in Randall Library at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) was using HPT model to evaluate employee performance at the service point . First stage of the HPT model calls performance analysis .The performance analysis is to determine if a performance problem exists . A performance analysis includes an organizational analysis , an environmental analysis ,and a gap analysis . The prototypal step in the performance analysis , the organizational analysis , calls for an examination of an organization s great deal , mission , values ,goals and strategies . It is important to define the boundaries of the organization before performing this phase in the model . It is useful to examine all departments or offices that terminally related to the specific area under examination.The conterminous component of HPT model is environmental analysis . The environmental analysis examines four imp ortant factors which are organizational environment, work environment, work, and the worker. In the HPT model, the Work Environment refers to the resources, as fountainheadls, human resources, and policies of an organization, or in this case, of the Learning Commons. Work is exposit as work flow, procedure, responsibilities, and ergonomics. Worker refers to the knowledge , skill , motivation , expectation and capacity of an individual .The Gap analysis requires an examination of the actual performance versus the optimal , or coveted performance . The learning collected through the organizational and environmental analysis . The HPT model shows that the gap falls between the craved workforce performance and the Actual state of workforce performance. It is important to identify the gaps , and so analyze the causes of those gap happens. In Learning Commons , in that location has a temporary service desk was constructed , new piece of furniture was not yet installed and a formal s taff training program was not yet implemented .The performances of Learning Commons service was not optimal and causes a gap between optimal and desired performances . Next is causes analysis . As the HPT model suggests , after the performances gap was identified ,the cause analysis should be completed . The cause analysis can determine why the performance gap exists . Once a cause is identified, one or more interventions can be selected that volition be able to close the performance gap . There are some causes for the performances issues . First , data , schooling and feedback .Initial training and communication of clear roles , responsibilities and expectations were not provided when the Learning Commons initially opened . Second , environment support , resources and tools . Detailed in Learning Commons employee did not exist . The conflict among workers will be happened . trey , consequences , incentives , come back . There were no consequences , incentives or rewards related to performance at the Learning Commons service point . Forth , skill and knowledge . A deficiency in general knowledge of the library services and the role of the librarians at the service point existed among TAC student assistants .Fifth , motivation and expectations . It is unclear what motivates Learning Commons employees and what they expect from themselves . After knowing the causes of the issues , intervention selection , design and development is needed . Closing the performances gap can be done through recommended solutions called interventions. HPT suggests that training is not always the appropriate solution because training will not solve issues related to motivation and expectation . However , an incentives and rewards will address motivation . There are some interventions existed after knowing the causes .There are mull over description intervention , document and standards intervention , training intervention , performance approximation intervention . A job descrip tion specifically for employment in the Learning Commons would define each steads duties , responsibilities , working conditions , and job activities , which would help employees understand their own job and the role of the other employees at the Learning Commons services point . Besides that , to remedy problems related to lack of information for job duties and procedures , the testimony is a documents and standards intervention .The standard operating procedures(SOP) manual would include the job description , expectations , policies , guidelines , and procedures for each position at the service desk . Training intervention is training librarians and TAC students . Training employees would provide expectations for each employee . Performance appraisal intervention show staff that there will be consequences for poor performance and rewards for good performance . On the other hand , feedback should be encouraged in Learning Commons . Positive feedback should be provided and given f rom all the employees .Negative feedback is also important to correct everyday issues . After implemented all the intervention that suggested, must evaluate their success based on further analysis of performance . In my opinion , HPT is a very good tool to evaluate the individual performance or organizational performance . As we see the problems in Learning Commons , HPT had given a good solution for it in fixing the problem . HPT begins with a comparison of the of the present and the desired levels of individual and organizational performance to identify the performance gap.Once the performance gap and the causes have been determined, the appropriate interventions are designed and developed. These may include measurement and feedback systems, new tools and equipment, compensation and reward systems, selection and placement of employees, and training and development. The interventions are thus implemented and the modification process managed. After implemented all the intervention , The employees in Learning Commons will clear close their roles , responsibilities . At the same time , The Learning Commons is already providing to be a great resource at UNCW .HPT model must be applied cyclically and systematically over time to evaluate employee performance . However , I do not agree that HPT is always the best tool in solving problem . This is because it susceptibility identify wrong data or information during performance analysis . If it is wrong in the beginning of the process , inappropriate intervention might created . This will make the decision maker make the wrong decision . While doing wrong analysis , there might insert a high cost and its will be a macerate of time if the analysis is wrong .Moreover , HPT has mentioned a few intervention to fix the problems . Its hard to implement all those intervention at the same time . If cannot implement madely , the more problem might exists . But if whole process is running smoothly , nonetheless , HPT is a very tool in solving problem . I had compared two models which are HPT model and ADDIE model . The ADDIE model is a systematic instructional design model consisting of five phase which are analysis , design , development ,implementation and paygrade phase .There are a few similarities between HPT model and ADDIE model . They both use process of analysis to look the problem and seek for the solution as well . However , they have a key different between the model . The ADDIE model addresses the gaps between desired outcomes or behaviours and the audiences existing knowledge and skills. The ADDIE models mainly management on the individual needs and then design and develop objectives and processes help the individual . Evaluation and implementation do not just happened at the end of the design and development .They are ongoing to inform the designer . So if there any changes, the necessary solution can be made quickly . The HPT model is different because it more focus on the causes o f performance gap . The success of the organization is depend on its employees . HPT will look what causes the employees otiose to perform the job . HPTs goal is to increase the bottom line of the company by increase the individuals ability to perform the job . In addition , it is important that the HPT is look what caused the problem ,while the ADDIE model looks at solving the problem exists .HPT model design seem to also behaviourist approach because the focus is more changing individual behaviour . The HPT model will look at evaluation of the problem and how it was addressed long after the process . The HPT model has its own advantages . In my view , because HPT model is focused on how the people perform on the job . In my opinion , the workers or the people of the organization is the assets for its organization . So , the performance of the individual affect overall success of the organization . This model takes many variables into the account , that there will affect perfor mance .It humanizes the work place because the individuals are allowed to address their problems. At the same time , it may be necessary to provide training course if the individual unable to perform the work is because of lacking information or unknowledgeable . Beside that , HPT model never swerve the reward or motivation . If they have a good performance , incentive or reward will be given to motivate the employees . Every model has its own blemishs as well , disadvantage I see is how the technologist ensures lifelong working and the successful using the collected information.Because they wait a while before evaluating. It would seem to me that the worker would want to know immediately if they are doing better so that changes can be made more quickly. Feedback is so important to workers feeling successful and competent. If there is too much focus on negative feedback, it may have a negative impact on the individual. Where as in the ADDIE model, the workers deficiencies or the c auses problems are not the major focus, and you get feedback at various stages rather than only at the end of the process.If I were a human resource professional in any area , I would use HPT model . As I was also a worker before , I see that would be beneficial for all the subordinates or primary worker . If workers feel supported, theyll do better than if theyre not supported. It provides a guide to helping individuals be successful in their work. I think someone who feels successful and competent in their work is more seeming to suffer less burn out than those individuals who have no one in their corner to instruct or help them solve whatever issue is keeping them from doing their best on the job.I might also use HPT when talking to friends or children about getting jobs and being successful on the job. I can apply it to my own career and be my own trouble shooter as well as look for solutions. This puts a little more power over what I do in my hands because at least I would k now that I can change me to help the organization do its job better too. On the other hand , as I mentioned employees are a part of assets of the organization . I think it is the responsibility of the human resource department to choose an appropriate system of performance appraisal .Effective appraisal system motivate the employees all the time rather than joining training . Conclusion In conclusion, HPT model has been described as the systematic and systemic appointment and removal of barriers to individual and organizational performance. Nonetheless ,HPT model is an effective tool for uncovering performance issues . The model can be applied to any area in the library where employees must perform and is not limited to public service . In any new service , some performance issues may work themselves out overtime while some may not .In some cases , problems remaining unidentified or unsolved , it may be quite difficult to fix after an protracted period of time . It is same like our daily habit or problems , if a parent identified that a child is beginning to pick up a bad habit , it is certainly easier to change the childs behaviour when the parent first notices their childs behaviour . If the parents did not take action to stop their child in the beginning , it is hard to stop their child after oblige a long bad habit .Similarity to any other service , if identify the problems early , then can find out the causes and fix it as fast as possible . The model does require extensive analysis . Without this analysis , a full picture cannot be taken , assumption will be made , and issues or problems cannot be identified . Optimal employee performance is critical in any organization . From the journal , Learning Commons in UNCW is using human performance engine room (HPT ) . It is a library . With libraries needing to demonstrate their value and provide assessment data and administration .The HPT model serves as one more useful tool for libraries to accomplish this . I had read a journal , which is about ADDIE model and I had also compared both ADDIE and HPT model . I found that there have many similarities . But when I go deeper for the journal , I found that there is a big differences . ADDIE model focus more on training building program , while in HPT model , training is only one of the tool . HPT model is not only useful in organization , but also useful for every individual . If did not find out the causes properly , a appropriate solution is impossible to created .