Global Warming: Confronting the Realities of Climate Change Essay

Sea level rise is accelerating. The number oflarge wildfires is growing. Dangerous heat waves are becoming more common. Extreme storm events are increasing in many areas. More severe droughts are occurring in others. These are just some of the consequences of global warming, which are already having significant and harmful effects on our health, our environment, and our communities. Unless we take immediate action to address global warming, these consequences will continue to intensify, grow ever more costly, and increasingly affect the entire planet – including you, your community, and your family. GLOBAL WARMING IS HAPPENING NOW. The planet’s temperature is rising. The trend is clear and unmistakable. Every one of the past 37 years has been warmer than the 20th century average. The 12 warmest years on record have all occurred since 1998. 2012 was the hottest year ever recorded for the contiguous United States. Globally, the average surface temperature has increased more than one degree Fahrenheit since the late 1800s. Most of that increase has occurred over just the past three decades. WE ARE THE CAUSE. We are overloading our atmosphere with carbon dioxide, which traps heat and steadily drives up the planet’s temperature. Where does all this carbon come from? The fossil fuels we burn for energy – coal, natural gas, and oil – plus the loss of forests due to deforestation, especially in the tropics. THE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE IS CLEAR. Within the scientific community, there is no debate: An overwhelming majority of climate scientists agree that global warming is happening and that human activity is the primary cause. This broad consensus – and the extensive scientific evidence that supports it – is often downplayed or distorted by a small but vocal minority of special interests that have a vested interest in delaying action on climate change. WE HAVE A CHOICE. We can act now to reduce our carbon emissions, slow the pace of global warming, and pass on a safer, healthier world to our children. Or we can choose to do nothing, continue pumping massive amounts of carbon into an already overloaded atmosphere, and suffer the increasingly costly consequences. At UCS, we believe the choice is clear: WE MUST TAKE STEPS NOW TO REDUCE OUR GLOBAL WARMING EMISSIONS. TOGETHER WE CAN TACKLE GLOBAL WARMING. We have the practical solutions and technologies at hand to substantially reduce our emissions, create a clean energy economy, and establish the United States as a global leader in innovation.

Private Educational Sector Performance Appraisals In Mauritius Business Essay

Mauritius, soon a rapid development and diversified income state in this communicating and technological universe where the authorities is consolidating the changeless support of people through the release and variegation of the economic system even though late hit by the consequence and impact of the brewing planetary fiscal crisis. The authorities is playing its full function to foreground the importance of transparence in all administrations together with greater attending on client support for edifice and guaranting better services. Concurrently, the authorities is carry throughing its duties with new tendencies and new development in the programme of instruction at all degrees with particular consideration in the secondary schools through the dependant and ministry directing organic structure of the Private Secondary Schools Association ( PSSA ) . The Mauritanian authorities introduced Performance Management System ( PMS ) on a pilot footing in its 3 different administrative sections in the twelvemonth ( 2006 ) after several old ages of formulated planning and scheme as devised in the beginning of ( 2001 ) after holding been followed by an discerning debut in the mid-1990s.At nowadays, PMS has been launched in all 25 ministries as of 23 June ( 2010 ) and all near concerned constitution as agencies indicated by positive feedbacks obtained from the pilot undertakings that was extended to other sections in January ( 2007 ) .The thought buttocks was to better the populace sector in Mauritius for better economic system and for responsively moving as an built-in portion in the fast-moving and modernised planetary direction. In the twelvemonth ( 1987 ) , the wage Research Bureau ( PRB ) which governs the general wage reappraisal of public sector in Mauritius with mention to private educational schools came with the tendency for alliance of conditions of service, wages, makings and competences of both private secondary schools with province schools. The chief purpose for this homogeneous attack was that instruction to be dispensed in a unvarying mode for the benefits of criterions and the society at big The subsequent study of the Bureau in ( 2003 ) came in the way of reforms with specific conditions of service for nucleus intent to better and achieve aims in the educational sector. From recommendations in the PRB study ( 2008 ) , schemes of public presentation assessment and public presentation related wage wages would take into consequence as from 1 August ( 2008 ) to accomplish optimization of resources. This research paper attempts to look into into the demands, effects/impacts and the results of the proviso of the two new issues in geting at the wage bundle in relationship with PA and public presentation related wages systems in the private secondary schools as recommended by the PRB ( 2008 ) . The survey should therefore take to reply the undermentioned inquiries: How is public presentation assessment perceived among offices and the conducive factors in the incremental system in schools? Is it genuinely applicable? Give us your sentiment about the evaluation of PA methods with the type of PMS being introduced. Make you happen the specified conditions used for ciphering the learning responsibilities allow? Are the present officeholders of pedagogues justified? What do you believe on the appraisal of the strengths and the failings of the existent PA system on the work environment and measure your overall satisfaction ; what is your purpose about the system? Research OBJECTIVES The aims of the research are to: 1. Find out whether private secondary pedagogues in Mauritanian schools understand the importance of PA in analysing what these indexs are. 2. Sketch the usage of assessment and public presentation wage mechanisms to actuate the private secondary educational sectors and raise the private direction. 3. Research the possible benefits and defects associated with public presentation measuring the private sector and discourse ways to right the permeant failings of the wage construction. 4. Measure the current operation of public presentation assessment and stairss in the planing systems and to guarantee consistence and transparence when measuring public presentation of staffs. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Some illustrations of the hypothesis formulated for the intent of this HR research are H0: An overall cognition and apprehension of P.A systems/will non assist private secondary offices in run intoing the aims of the modernized direction. H1: An overall cognition and apprehension of P.A criterions will assist Private Secondary Military officers in run intoing the aims of the modernized direction. H0: An designation of the specific intents and utilizations will non assist private secondary schools satisfy the possible impact of P.A as perceived by administrative members. Hello: An designation of the specific intents and utilizations will assist private secondary schools satisfy the possible impact of P.A as perceived by administrative members. LITERATURE REVIEW PSSA, besides known as Private Secondary Schools Association was set up in ( 1976 ) after the coming of free instruction both at primary and secondary degrees, granted by the so Labour authorities and started its activities on 20th September of the same twelvemonth. The caput office although ab initio stationed at Royal Road, Rose Hill, subsequently moved to Beau Bassin and still operates from the premises once occupied by the Teachers ‘ Training College. Although at the get downing the PSSA was meant chiefly to be merely a & lt ; paying agent & gt ; it shortly blossomed into a fully fledged administration and put up its frogmans sectors viz- Inspectorate, Establishment, Discipline, Finance, all under the duty of a Director who is appointed by the Ministry of Education and Human Resource ( MoE ) so that the Authority can ever be under the supervising of the Government of Mauritius through the Ministry of Education. The work and behavior of each and every employee both instruction and non-teaching is monitored closely and recorded in his personal file which is stored at the caput office. Generally, all policy determinations are taken by the Government in close coaction of Ministry and the PSSA operating in analogue with the Ministry of Education has the duty of implementing same. In other words, its cardinal purpose is to supply instruction conductive to acquisition and where every pupil would stand out in order to be perceived as a visible radiation of the existence in order to run into the challenges and criterions of life. The responsibilities of being dedicated to the cause of instruction are assigned to pedagogues once instructors and later Education officers severally. Their instruction and non instruction staffs are recruited by the directors of the several schools. At present, the establishment size of working forces with instructors and non learning members bases at around 3923 and 1575 severally. Today there are a sum of 110 registered schools in Mauritius and Rodrigues. Classes up to Cambridge Higher School certification are run in 47 of the to the full grant aided schools while 48 of them provide instruction up to the Cambridge School Certificate. By and large, the cardinal purpose of private sector is profit oriented instead than public assistance or service as for public service but given the figure of protagonism groups strengthened with the turning degree of instruction accompanied by the consequence of globalization which promote a strong demand to win, and to protect Mauritanian citizens from the traditional procedure where public presentation was no longer enhanced. Since the ambitious attack to drive betterment for knowing calling which would emerge in taking to portion capacity, resources and people, it was indispensable for a straightforward model action for public presentation results which reflected none other than PMS. In fact, the PRB study, prepared by a Mauritanian organic structure in charge for finding wage and guiding reforms in the populace sector as far back as in ( 2003 ) , highlighted that the public sector must utilize ‘performance direction ‘ as one of the arrows for assorted degrees of productiveness as practiced abroad, particularly in European states. It is worthwhile observing in this context that Armstrong ( 2000 ) defines public presentation direction as a â€Å" strategic and incorporate procedure that delivers sustained success to organisations by bettering the public presentation of people who work in them and by developing the capablenesss of single subscribers and squads † . It ab initio started through the usage of the confidential study. This was being extremely criticized because it had non shown effectivity in bettering public presentation for in service people. Consequently, the docket changed for PMS where officers were given ample preparation to understand the construct for proper execution.DEFINITIONS of PMS & A ; PAPerformance Management Performance Management is an on-going procedure that involves both the director and the employee in identifying and depicting the occupation responsibilities and maps associating to organisation ‘s mission and strategic ends through appropriate public presentation criterions on the intent of giving and having feedback for development and bettering employee work. Performance Appraisal Performance Appraisal is a procedure of measurement, sum uping and development the work public presentation of an employee to measure if he is efficaciously in line with the aims set. Performance Management and Performance Appraisal However, many people get confused with public presentation direction and public presentation Appraisal.It should so be clear that these are two different footings with same functional intent. Performance assessment is besides identified as public presentation reappraisal which is the procedure of basically reexamining the public presentation of employees. Alternatively, public presentation direction has a larger significance and embraces public presentation assessment. Performance direction translates the overall organisational ends into single employees ‘ aims, preceded by a meeting with the employee, to supply chance for common understanding based on the public presentation indexs for the appraisal which provides feedback for steps such as preparation, compensation, publicity, amongst others, to prolong public presentation over the long term. Fig 1 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL. Mission Aims& A ;Goals Conformity of public presentation Continuous Performance Management Management Planning Performance related wage: 1 ) Compensation 2 ) Promotion 3 ) Transportation Preparation for reappraisal Performance evaluation Performance Appraisal 0 Development and calling: 1 ) TrainingThe above diagram can be simplified as the followers:Management Planning Management squad design strategy of work and provides planning chances for staffs to take duty for their ain to ease in lending to the professional development of the other staff including the initiation and appraisal of new and provisional members. Mission aims and Goals To be to the full committed to the cause of instruction, to leave quality instruction in an ambiance lending to conducive acquisition where every pupil outshine to be recognized as an enlightened and of all time reflecting lamp and to hike the instruction service that would assist to run into up with the rivals of the approaching clip. Conformity of public presentation In order to continue the values and vision of the establishment, it is imperative to implement the scheme as laid down in the recommendation of PRB study.Besides ; it can besides be achieved through convincing and self-asserting treatment between executives and officers. Continuous Performance Management To work both at quantitative and qualitative abilities that would lend to updated occupation description based on uninterrupted feedback get the better ofing barrier, if any, towards run intoing the aims, irrespective of coaching. Preparation for Review Both director and employee, with much attending in the educational sector where the valuator should chiefly be of two hierarchy classs above the appraise so as to run into together with the cardinal purpose for appraisal based on competences public presentation to look chiefly at behavior and attitude in a occupation like lateness, promptness. Performance Appraisal At the terminal of the pattern or sooner after each assessment conducted individually between regular timeframe, usually twice or at most one time a twelvemonth, based on brooding procedures normally lending towards strengths and failings of the officers. PA is so put to public presentation evaluation and single public presentation that can easy associate to pay. Performance Rating This theoretical account should be based on a evaluation graduated table of 1-5 ; five being the highest and it should include some infinite to compose remarks refering to the evaluations that the valuator gives to his subsidiary. The description should give grounds of the true degree of public presentation and non where unenrgetic people would be stating that he has achieved to acquire information and produced appropriate consequences, accordingly needs to be associated to pay and development. Therefore, a double evaluation system can be more accurately reflecting the existent input of the employee in inquiry being rated. Performance evaluation has two subdivisions that can either be associated with trust and common apprehension ensuing in related wage or secondly as rating for preparation or strictly a countenance. Integrative LITERATURE Performance Appraisal started long back as a simple construct of evaluation employee ‘s work outcomes and has now evolved in a systematic procedure of measuring the work of an employee. It besides looks at a series of causative factors in the vena of how to make togetherness with environmental friendly conditions, participative direction squads and most significantly doing staffs capable of developing greatest accomplishment in capacity edifice for successful calling. Once, in the absence of the P.A ( as structured today ) , the C.R ( Confidential Report ) was the lone arrow towards the grade of efficiency of the employee. Rather than the of import constituents of work consequences and increment facet, it further provides foundations for good work conditions, finding competent direction squads, preparation and development of bing staff successfully whereby actuating and keeping a guaranteed quality of work force by decently honoring the work public presentation of forces which enable to vouch great degree of satisfaction. Carraher et Al. ( 2006 ) province that the most of import factors of work and compensation satisfaction are occupation term of office, construction and disposal of the compensation system. The existent study of P.A consists of two ( 2 ) primary intents viz. ; public presentation related wage and development. The rating of wage intent is carried out to inform staffs of their necessary ability rooted merely on collected public presentation informations which are normally intended to compensate high performing artists and punish low public presentation actors. The developmental purpose is to utilize to categorise officers into different degrees and therefore place uninterested and unsupportive employees who are ever faced with problem at work. However, progressively based on the procedure of ego rating and progressive planning, some employees steadfastly believe that many other factors are more of import than wage. Therefore, modern direction stresses non merely on public presentation but on a set of appraisals and self development based acquisition. On this footing, it is really of import to work significantly for better keeping of competent and difficult working employe es. It would be of much concern if an established usage in all private secondary schools in Mauritius could be applied irrespective of ain and conservative direction manners to warrant significant pay-reward consistent to the productiveness, particularly where instruction staffs are invariably endorsed in magnetic involvement of students which is a challenging and encephalon striking undertaking. In add-on, secondary schools are considered as model organic structures since they promote the general advancement, good being of students and uphold socio economic alteration in the society. Further, they are viewed as beginnings in set uping and run intoing cultural values and promoting preparation, therefore easing socialization. So, good degree of motive is indispensable for staffs to be in line with the inventions in instructions as it is necessary to react to the altering calling and reforming system for implementing expeditiously choice instruction. Since the early 1990s, authorities involvement in public presentation support and budgeting for higher instruction has well increased in OECD states ( Burke & A ; Serban, 1997 ; El-Khawas & A ; Massey, 1996 ; Jongbloed & A ; Koelman, 1996 ; Layzell, 1998 ; Peters, 1992 ; Piper & A ; Issacs, 1992 ) . However, developed states which have late harnessed and witnessed the alterations in the society with the acceptance of latest digital engineering besides being really trendy in periodic manner with instance in point, Mauritius presently immersed in this stage of influence, still tonss of private educational establishments are bonded with antique manner of direction and one manner enforcing executive confined to simply top- bottom direction. The relationship between the alteration in society and the alteration of instruction degree demands to be better understood in order to be more expeditiously managed ( Bjarnason and Brennan, 2003 ) . It is hazardous to presume and much harder to think that either on holding the right equipment or people with equal cognition, necessary accomplishments, abilities and the right sort of organizational model, rapid alterations need to be better understood with something else, say exact attitude and behavior, unless you can read person ‘s head. Subsequently, for the appropriate consequence at a ulterior phase, the employee must be ready and convey enthusiasm to make the work and most significantly he/she should be ever motivated in some manner to set about the undertakings which will lend a great trade. Academic staffs should at all times have the resource ability to be motivated for accomplishing rapid alterations in instruction in order to stand out with the transformational public presentation in demand. Reasonably, conventional direction necessitate much contemplation to understand what makes people do things so that they can carry the employees to exercise towards the aims of the constitution. Management demand to be cognizant that the things that motivate them may non automatically typify the same driving force of the employee ‘s.As such, it is indispensable to set into consequence specific motive strategies with the purpose of carry throughing a common and better public presentation assessment in relation to a just wage system. Performance assessment is one of the most valuable instruments in the director ‘s tool chest, as no other direction procedure has every bit much influence over person ‘s callings and work lives ( Allen, 2003 ) . Performance Appraisal & A ; Pay P.A is an of import procedure of the direction which preponderantly helps to find the wage related facets such as publicity, transportation and equal wages. Based on this facet, competent officers in a contributing clime at work enact a inclination towards the application of freshly acquired accomplishments and circulate cognition to their immediate schoolroom state of affairs since employee wages provides a major chance to better 1s aptitude and therefore be performance-centre oriented. The 2nd activity is for development and preparation intent that is formulated to do out jobs confronting by employees, known from collected public presentation informations or corporate feedback. The primary used appraisal standards are founded on employees ‘ work results, traits and behaviors. Most normally, P.A is designed to supply valid information of staff work consequences to pay merit compensation. Further, it is compulsory to let the steady flow of the processs for utile and self-assert ing parts that hold no other option for the employers to promote and be big plenty to recognize the worth of the least attempt of employees. In order to prolong coveted degree of wage in return of services offered, some organisations started maintaining aloof from fixed fiscal wage, relatively on the application of wage other than rewards and revolutionise towards the execution of flexible systems that finetune the compensation at single degree. In derivation of this guideline, some administrations found it necessary to continuously supervise all procedures geared at both organizational and personal ends to be executed in the best possible ways. For utile and accurate P.A information, the processs must be able to systematically bring forth dependable and valid consequences in determining the civilization of the running disposal. Besides, if we do non allow justified compensation on public presentation, the employees would develop a inclination of incorrect sort of work behaviors that would ensue in frequent waste of their on the job clip instead than bettering on work results. PA has late taken much consideration in European educational establishments where studies and research development say that public establishments have undergone drastic decrease in the figure of pupils. This is because of the fact that private establishments more and more common and competitory in the market are guaranting a better topographic point which is accordant with learnability in all characteristics doing market force per unit areas. As a consequence of this menace, public establishments in United Kingdom ( UK ) started with grassroot alterations in their operation and emphasized on formalistic staff assessment systems in the eightiess with a vision to maintain a sound gait on the inventions to run into the latest demands of educational construction. The alteration was viewed taking topographic point since if could it give staff to acquire involved deeply in ego betterment in the geographic expedition of country involvement, survey and therefore promote possible public prese ntation. This alteration resulted in public presentation related wage in the UK university system as a whole, covering everyone from support staff to senior professors ( Richbell and Wu, 2006 ) . Mauritius, backing significantly the valued stairss of UK private acquisition establishments since seemingly perceived for its quality in instruction, is determined to provide quality demands and services which are considered established by PA processs to analyze the duty and to size up competition. The sole ground for Mauritius behind this pacemaker is that PA is the key to happen out whether staffs public presentation is in line with the aims of the institute. Gone are the yearss when employees particularly instructors merely kept on steping on beaten paths with whatever limited competency or accomplishment or wish and willingness to better and maintain abreast with updated instruction AIDSs and updated accomplishments. The 21st century is the epoch of flawlessness in all Fieldss. Not merely research in all Fieldss particularly in teaching method is undergoing springs and bounds but all accomplishments are being rationalized where limited cognition is reviewed and even questioned. Every instructor is expected to build up himself merely like the solder on Himalayan boundary lines without the least pretext so as non merely to be the best performing artist with limitless cognition but besides be the extremely dependable resource individual. It is to be noted that in modern times the whole instruction sector is viewed from a position. However, it is besides to be highlighted that despite their functions as role-models and besides facilitators in modern teaching method, instructors have to be of all time equipped with equal cognition of the capable affair in order to truly command their â€Å" stand † vis-a-vis their pupils. The amateur or seasonal instructor has no topographic point in today ‘s schools for today instructors are non judged and accredited merely for their being & lt ; good & gt ; ( Bon Monsieur / Bon Madame ) but for their command of the topic taught, the techniques used or even exploited side by side with the instruction AIDSs and follow up actions including appraisals and remedial exercisings. On the other manus, the stakeholders excessively are in outlook of the best from them. Gone are yearss when the owners/ directors of private secondary schools were self-satisfied with a state of affairs with ‘good ‘ and ‘less good ‘ instructors. Adieu amateurism! This is their common armor. ‘We need the best and merely the best ‘ is the modern call. This is how and to what extent the PA hails as the existent beacon, for now through this device it is a piddling undertaking or activity to place the ‘good ‘ and ‘bad performing artists ‘ . Acerate leaf to state that at that place may, by bad fortune be some ‘unlucky ‘ 1s who are hit by error. But no system is 100 % perfect. So, in this instance excessively there is some grade of possibility that the PA has certain â€Å" victims † . But we have to rest assured that no unfairness is done to anyone for the truth is that although these schools owners/ directors do hold high expected marks despite they themselves being of small or no academic making, by dint of larning from observation for several decennaries at a stretch they are today really much in a place to make up one's mind which is which for the enthusiastic child with good grade classs from a celebrated university where he may be merely holding theoretical cognition while these old and cunning knuckleboness have acquired meaningful experience after larning through observation twelvemonth after twelvemonth. The challenge of every private secondary pedagogue non merely lies in run intoing the instruction and larning facet but rests on the list of chief responsibilities which are as follows: program of work to adhere to, learning followed by changeless advice to pupils for betterment, rectification and recording of assignments, behavior audiovisuals, built-in usage of learning AIDSs, remedial action for the benefit of the pupils, form maestro ‘s work, staff direction, instructors morale, parent ‘s conference with answerability and connate responsibilities. In the exercising of the above mentioned responsibilities with work undertakings to be regular, there are improbable tonss of much concern to be aroused although accomplishing high quality of work in conservative private secondary schools in Mauritius. On this footing, it is non ever possible to find the single work consequences and compare them. Therefore, the direction should invariably actuate staff members more expeditiously instead than forbearing from allowing some staffs ‘ increases, based on junior-grade defects like a few latenesses, in certain private establishments. Then once more, direction prolonging others to mount the stepss particularly to those hold given rise to favoritism or to those with greater consideration. P.A is really pulling much attending in attached educational establishments, such as Ecole Du Nord et al although majorly funded by pupils themselves where the figure of pupils has quickly increased due to low market force per unit area and cost effectual installations ensuing in betterment on quality of instruction every bit good as overall staff public presentation. Consequently exposing new subdivision school system as a whole with the building of Northfields in the North of the island. P.A is utile as it enables us to obtain reappraisal and place mistakes on whether worker ‘s public presentation is clearly aligned with the aims set.MethodologyExplicating a research designThis research is the survey of the trouble of emerging public presentation assessment system in a private instruction sector where the work loads continually change due to the singing attitudes of pupils and rotational nature of the work. It will travel through the dangers and chances to set up the personal work consequences and compare them to make direction sight. From this information, the survey will understand the available manner to be followed and the surrogate protection it will necessitate.The Research QuestionSing the above job country and research aims, the research inquiry would be formulated as follows.â€Å" Is public presentation assessment system doing usage of the proper tools and procedures to be comprehensive and to the intent so as to place itself on a balance which shoul d be homogeneously linked to direct wage? †The Research DesignTo continue, a systematic method is adopted. After specifying the job, formulating and developing hypothesis, a research design must be established. Our research design will dwell of the steps necessary for obtaining the information needed to work out the research job: SAMPLE UNIVERSE Sampling Unit of measurement Sampling Technique SAMPLE SIZESample UniverseThe full private secondary schools in the North of Mauritius are our sample existence. The common feature of this population being that every establishment is governed by the same regulations and ordinances of PSSA but each employer with his ain manner of operation.Sampling Unit of measurementThe trying unit will sort the schools into separate organic structures, i.e. each school with the existent population along the work load of each and every staff.Sampling TechniqueFor the intent of our research, we can either do usage of simple chance sample which gives every person an equal chance of being selected in the sample or non-probability convenience sample which is helpful. But I strongly fear of if there is a clip restraint.Sample SizeWe are taking a representative sample of 50 staffs to be questioned for the intent of the research.The Research ApproachA combination of both qualitative and quantitative dominated research methods to measure PA system will be worked on.The Qualitative Research MethodIn order to understand the kernel of the system and invent possible solutions, five semi-structured interviews inclusive of single interviews and group interviews will be carried out.The Quantitative Research MethodTo back up the quantitative research method, questionnaire study will be used to obtain both descriptive and analytical information. It will analyze officers ‘ existent perceptual experience and flexibleness with respects to aptitudes.The Questionnaire StructureThe questionnaires will be composed of three types of inquiry design: Simple closed ended inquiries ( Yes & A ; No replies ) Multiple Choice inquiries ( Choose any 1 reply from following options ) Simple open-ended inquiries, which will supply a qualitative penetration into our research.The Pilot SurveyA first bill of exchange will be pre-tested with five individuals – that would non organize portion of the sample – so as to gauge the population ‘s ability to understand the questionnaire and therefore enable to do any necessary alterations beforehand.Datas AnalysisDiagrams, graphs, charts and statistical methods from SPSS would be used for informations analysis.Restriction of surveyWhile working on the research, there might be some restrictions which will act upon our research, such as: The research will be carried out in a limited country. Time will be a major impeding factor. Sample may non be exact representative of the whole population and as such non give better consequences. The possibility of prejudice responses ca n't be ruled out. Lack of handiness of full information. Respondents might non be willing to make full in the questionnaires.Data CollectionThe research instrument is a self-administered questionnaire which included unfastened ended, dichotomous and offered multiple picks inquiries. Data is the representation of basic information. The chief beginning of information is as follows: Primary informations Primary informations can be obtained by interviews or merely by communicating or by observation, whereas secondary informations are readily available to the school as they may hold been collected antecedently for other intents. For the interest of the survey, primary informations shall dwell of information gathered from the study and interviews performed. The information collected would be based on respondents ‘ replies and feedbacks with the aid of structured questionnaires and concentrate interviews. Following the completion of informations aggregation, the informations will so be tabulated prior to analysis.

Political Philosophy and M.a. Public Administration Essay

I. Greek  Political  Thought   Plato:  Justice,  Ideal  State   Aristotle:  Theory  of  the  State,  Revolutions II. Medieval  and  Early  Modern  Political  Thought   Church  and  the  State:  St. Augustine   Marsilio  of  Padua   Nicolo  Machiavelli:  State  and  Statecraft I. Social  Contract  Theory   Thomas  Hobbes:  Human  Nature,  Sovereignty   John  Locke:  Theory  of  Property,  Consent  and  Government   J. J. Rousseau:  Popular  Sovereignty II. Idealism   Immanuel  Kant:  Ethics  and  Politics   G. W. F. Hegel:  State  and  Civil  Society   T. H. Green:  Theory  of  Rights. Recommended  Books:   Sukhbir  Singh,  History  of  Political  Thought   G. H. Sabine,  A  History  of  Political  Theory V. Krishna  Rao,  Paschatya  Rajaniti  Tatvavicharamu  (in  Telugu)   John  Plamenatz,  Man  and  Society   Ernest  Barker, The  Political  Thought  of  Plato  and  Aristotle   C. B. Macpherson,  The  Political  Theory  of  Possessive  Individualism M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  AND  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  I   (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  and  M. A. Public  Administration   students  with  effect  from  the  Ã‚  academic  year  2002 ­03)   PAPER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  II:  ADMINISTRATIVE  THEORY  (Classical). Unit  I. a). Introduction:  Public  Administration  ­Ã‚  Meaning,  Scope  and  Significance. b). Woodrow  Wilson:  Politics  and  Administration  dichotomy. Unit  II. a). Henri  Fayol:  Functionalism   b). F. W. Taylor:  Scientific  Management  Theory   Unit  III:  a). Luther  Gulick  and  Lyndal  Urwick:  Administrative  Management  Theory. b). Max  Weber  :  Bureaucratic  Model. Unit  IV:  a). Mary  Parker  Follet:  Conflict  Resolution   b). Chester  Barnard:  Neo ­Classical  Model Readings: 1. Prasad  R  and  Others(eds)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Administrative  Thinkers,  (Telugu  /  English)   nd   2   Edition,  Sterling,  New  Delhi. 2. S. P. Naidu  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Public  Administration:  Theories  and  Concepts,   New   Age   International   Publications,   Hyderabad,   1996. 3. Hoshiar  Singh  &  Pradeep   Sachdeva  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Administrative  Theory,  Kitab  Mahal,   New  Delhi,  1999. 4. Fred  Luthans  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Organisational  Behaviour. Students   are   required   to   consult   relevant   articles   from   journals   relating   to   public   administration  especially  the  Indian  Journal  of  Public  Administration M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  AND  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  I   (Common  for  both  Ã‚  M. A. Political  Science  and  M. A. Public  Administration   students  with  effect  from the  Ã‚  academic  year  2002 ­03)   PAPER  III:  INDIAN  CONSTITUTION UNIT  Ã‚  I  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (a)  Making  of  the  Indian  Constitution –  Basic  Foundations  of  Indian   Constitution   (b)  Salient  Features  Ã‚  of  Indian  Constitution UNIT  II  :  Ã‚  (a)  Ã‚  Fundamental  Rights  and  Directive  Principles  of  State  Policy   (b)  Centre  ­ State  Relations UNIT  III  :  Ã‚  (a)  Ã‚  Union  Government  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Parliament,  President,  Prime  Minister   and  Cabinet   (b)   Supreme  Court  and  Judicial  Review. UNIT  IV  :   (a)  Ã‚  Provisions  for  the  Welfare  of  Weaker  Sections   (b)   Reviewing  of  the  Constitution –  Sarkaria  Ã‚  Commission   and  Constitutional  Review  Commission Reference  Books:   1. Granville  Austin    ­Ã‚   The  Indian  Constitution –  Corner  Stone  of  the   Nation   2. D. D. Basu    ­Ã‚   Introduction  to  the  Constitution  of  India   3. Morris ­Jones,  W. H.  ­Ã‚   The  Government  and  Politics  of  India   4. Kothari,  R    ­Ã‚   Politics  in  India   5. V. D. Mahajan    ­Ã‚   Indian  Constitution   6. J. C. Johari    ­Ã‚   Indian  Constitution M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  AND  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I   (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  and  M. A. Public  Administration   students  with  effect  from  the  Ã‚  academic  year  2002 ­03)   PAPER  IV:  Ã‚  GOVERNMENT  AND  POLITICS  IN  ANDHRA  PRADESH UNIT  I:   a). Approaches  to  the  Study  of  State  Government  and  Politics. b). Political  History of  the  State ­Formation  of  Andhra  Pradesh. UNIT  II:   a)  Constitutional  Structures   b)  Political  Parties   UNIT  III:  a). Sub ­Regional  Movements:  Separate  Telangana  Movement  and  Jai  And hara   Movement. b). Peasant  Movements:  Telangana  Armed  Struggle  and  Naxalite  Movement. UNIT  IV:  a). Public  Sector  and  Politics  of  Subsidy   b). Liberalization. BOOKS  RECOMMENDED: 1. Myron  Weiner  (ed. )   2. Iqbal  Narain   3. Reddy  &  Sharma(eds. )   4. V. Hanumantha  Rao   5. K. V. Narayana  Rao   6. Sri  Prakash   7. S. C. Kashyap   8. Ashok  Sen   9. Babulal  Fadia   10. B. A. V. Sharma   11. Barry  Pavier   12. G. Ram  Reddy State  Politics  in  India.  ­Ã‚  State  Politics  in India.  ­State   Government   &   Politics   in   A. P. .    ­Ã‚  Party  Politics  in  Andhra  Pradesh.  ­Ã‚  Emergence  of  Andhra  Pradesh.  ­Ã‚  State  Governors  in  India.  ­Ã‚   Politics   of   Defections:   A   Study   of   State   Politics   in   India.  ­Ã‚  Role  of  Governors  in  the  Emerging  Patterns  of   Center ­ State  Relations  in  India.  ­Ã‚  State  Politics  in  India.  ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  India.  ­Ã‚  Telangana  Movement  1944 ­51.  ­Panchayati  Raj  and  Rural  Development  in  A. P M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  AND  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I   (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  and  M. A. Public  Administration   students  with  effect  from  the  Ã‚  academic  year  2002 ­03) PAPER  V  a  (OPTIONAL):  POLITICAL  INSTITUTIONS  AND  IDEAS  IN  ANCIENT  INDIA UNIT  Ã‚  Ã‚  I:   Political  Ideas  in  the  early  period   a)  Samhitas  and  Brahmanas   b)  Principal  Upanishads. UNIT  Ã‚  II:   Political  ideas  in  Dharmasastras   a)  Apatstambha,  Yagnovalkya  and  Manu. b)  Mahabharata. UNIT  III:  Political  Ideas  in  Anti  ­Ã‚  Vedic  Literature. a)  Early  Buddhist  Literature. b)  Early  Jain  Literature. UNIT  IV:   Technical  Works  on  Polity. a)   Predecessors  of  Kautilya. b)   Kautilya’s  Arthasastra. BOOOKS  REOMMENDED:   1. Cambridge  History  of  India,  vol. I. 2. Ghoshal   3. Jayaswal   4. Rangaswami  Aiyanagar   5. Bandopadhyaya   6. Kane,  P. V. 7. D. Machenzie  Brown   8. Spellman   9. Altaker,  A. S. 10. Saletore,  B. A. History  of  Hindu  Political  Theory    ­Ã‚  Hindu  Polity    ­Ã‚  Rajadharma    ­Ã‚  Development  of  Hindu  Political  Theories     History  of  Dharma  Sastra,  Vol. III    ­Ã‚  The  White  Umbrella    ­Ã‚  The  Political  Theory  of  Ancient  India    ­Ã‚  State  and  Government  in  Ancient  India    ­Ã‚  Ancient  Indian  Political  Thought  and  Institutions M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  AND  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I   (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  and  M. A. Public  Administration   Students  with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2002 ­03)   PAPER  V  b  (OPTIONAL):  WOMEN  AND  POLITICS   Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I:   THEORITICAL  APPROACHES   i)   Political  Phil   ii)   osophers  on  Women:  Plato,  Aristotle  Rousseau,   J. S. Mill  and  Karl  Marx   iii)   Liberal  and  Radical  Approaches   iv)   Mary  Woolstone  Craft  and  Simon  de  Beauvoir   WOMEN  AND  THE  INDIAN  STATE   i)   Indian  Constitution  and  Women   ii)   Committee  on  the  Status  of  Women  ­Ã‚  1975   iii)   National  Policies  on  Women   WOMEN  AND  POLITICAL  PARTICIPATION   i)   Women  and  Nationalist  Movement   ii)   Women’s  Electoral  Participation  ­Ã‚  Trends  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  National  and  State   iii)   Women’s  Movement  in  India  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Perspectives  and  Strategies   RESERVATION  Ã‚ ­ THE  EXPERIENCE  OF  PANCHAYATI  RAJ   i)   The  Debate  on  Women’s  Reservation   rd   th   ii)   73   and  74   Constitutional  Amendments   iii)   Lessons  from  the  Experience. Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  II: Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III: Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  IV: READING  LIST:   1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Charvet  John,  Feminism  ­Ã‚  Modern  Ideologies  Series,  J. M. Devt  &  Sons  London,  1982   Eva  Figes,  Patriarchal  Attitudes  Women  in  Society,  New  Delhi:  Macmillan,  1985 .   Agnew  Vijay, Elite  Women  in  Indian  Politics,  Vikas,  New  Delhi,  1979. Susheela  Kaushik, (ed. ),  Women’s  Participation  in  Politics. Diana  Coole,  Women  in  Political  Theory. Simon  de  Beauvoir,  The  Second  Sex. Vicky  Randall  :  Women  and  Politics,  Macmillan,  London,  1982. Government  of  India,   Ministry  of  Education  and   Social   Welfare:  Towards  Equality:   Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Status  of  Women,  New  Delhi,  1974. 9. Geraldine  Forbes:  Women  in  Modern  India,  New  Delhi,  Cambridge  University  Press,   1996. 10. Veena  Mazumdar  (ed. )  ,  Symbols  of  Power. 11. Issues  of  Panchayati  Raj  ­Ã‚  Update  ­ Institute  of  Social  Sciences,  New  Delhi. OLD M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  AND  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I   (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  and  M. A. Public  Administration   Students  with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2006 ­07)   PAPER  V  b  (OPTIONAL):  WOMEN  AND  POLITICS   Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I:   THEORITICAL  APPROACHES   i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ancient  Political  Philosophers  on  Women –  Plato,  Aristotle   Rousseau. ii)   Modern  Liberal  Thinkers: ­Ã‚   Mary  Woostonecraft,  J. S. Mill   iii)   Radial  thinkers  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Karl  Marx  and  Angels,  Simon  de  Beauboir,   Kate  Millet. WOMEN  AND  THE  INDIAN  STATE   i)   Indian  Constitution  and  Women   ii)   Committee  on  the  Status  of  Women  ­Ã‚  1975   iii)   National  Policies  on  Women –  1988  and  2001. WOMEN  AND  POLITICAL  PARTICIPATION   i)   Women  and  Nationalist  Movement   ii)   Women’s  Electoral  Participation  ­Ã‚  Trends  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  National  and  State   iii)   Women’s  Movement  in  India  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Perspectives  and  Strategies   RESERVATION  Ã‚ ­ THE  EXPERIENCE  IN  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT   i)The  Debate  on  Women’s  Reservation   rd   th   ii)   73   and  74   Constitutional  Amendments   iii)   Women’s  Political  participation –  problems  and  prospects. Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  II: Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III: Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  IV: READING  LIST:   1. Charvet  John,  Feminism  ­Ã‚  Modern  Ideologies  Series,  J. M. Devt  &  Sons  London,   1982   2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eva  Figes,  Patriarchal  Attitudes  Women  in  Society,  New  Delhi:  Macmillan,  1985. 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Agnew  Vijay,  Elite  Women  in  Indian  Politics,  Vikas,  New  Delhi,  1979. 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Susheela  Kaushik,  (ed. ),  Women’s  Participation  in  Politics. 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diana  Coole,  Women  in  Political  Theory. 6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Simon  de  Beauvoir,  The  Second  Sex. 7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vicky  Randall  :  Women  and  Politics,  Macmillan,  London,  1982. 8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government  of  India,  Ministry  of  Education  and  Social  Welfare:  Towards  Equality:   Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Status  of  Women,  New  Delhi,  1974. 9  Geraldine  Forbes:  Women  in  Modern  India,  New  Delhi,  Cambridge  University  Press,   1996. 10  Veena  Mazumdar  (ed. )  ,  Symbols  of  Power. 11. Issues  of  Panchayati  Raj  ­Ã‚  UPDATE  Ã‚ ­ Institute  of  Social  Sciences,  New  Delhi. M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (FROM  THE  ACADEMIC  YEAR  2003  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2004)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  I  COMPARATIVE  PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   UNIT ­I:   COMPARATIVE   PUBLIC   ADMINISTRATION   –   HISTORY   AND   CONCEPT   1. Evolution  of  Comparative  Public  Administration –  Comparative   Administration  Group  (CAG)   2. Definition,   Scope   and   Importance   of   Comparative   Public   Administration   3. Comparative  Elements  in  Earlier  Administrative  Theory. UNIT    ­ II  Ã‚  Ã‚  ? MODELS  IN  COMPARATIVE  PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   1. Bureaucratic  Model   2. Ecological  Model   3. Administrative  Systems  Model   UNIT    ­III  Ã‚  :   COMPARATIVE  ADMINISTRATIVE  SYSTEMS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . 1. Administrative  Systems  of  Developed  Nations  :  USA  and  UK   2. Administrative  Systems  of  Developing  Countries   3. Administrative  Systems  of  Communist  States   UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ IV  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  COMPARATIVE  PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION  :  RECENT  TRENDS   1. International  Administration   2. Global  Public  Administration   3. Comparative  Public  Administration:  Decline  and  Revival. Reference  Books:   Ferrel  Heady  :  Public  Administration  :  A  Comparative  Perspective   R. K. Arora  :  Comparative  Public  Administration  :  An  Ecological  Perspective   Viswanathan  :  Comparative  Public  Administration   T. N. Chaturvedi  and  V. P. Verma  (eds. )  : Comparative  Public  Administration   Ali  Farazmand  :  Handbook  of  Comparative  and  Development  Administration   Jean ­Claude   Gareia ­Zamor   and   Renu   Khator:      Public   Administration   in   the   Global   Village   7. C. V. Raghavulu   and   M. Bapuji   :   Tulanatmaka   Prabhutva   Palana,   Telugu   Academy   (in  Telugu) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2004)   PAPER  Ã‚  II:  Ã‚  PUBLIC  PERSONNEL  ADMINISTRATION. Unit  Ã‚  I:   1. Introduction  to  Public  Personnel  Administration:  Ã‚  Meaning,  Definition   Scope  and  Significance. 2. Public  Service:   Concept  and  Role  in  Modern  State. Unit  Ã‚  II:   1. Recruitment:  Ã‚  Recruitment  and  Selection  Process,  Recruitment  Policy,   Recruitment  Methods,  Induction  and  Placement. 2. Classification:  Ã‚  Classification  of  Services:  Ã‚  Role  Classification   and  Position  Classification. Unit  Ã‚  III:   1. Man  Power  Planning/Human  Resource  Planning:   Meaning   Importance,  Supply  and  Demand  Forecast. 2. Career  Planning:  Ã‚  Meaning  and  Process,  Job  Enrichment  and   Capacity  Building. Unit  Ã‚  IV:   1. Pay  and  Service  Conditions:  Ã‚  Pay  Principles,  Pay  Determination   And  Pay  Commissions. 2. Discipline:  Ã‚  Conduct,  Discipline  and  Supeannuation. Reference  Books:   1. Glenn  O. Sthal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public  Personnel  Administration   2. Felix  A. Nigro  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public  Personnel  Administration   3. Pfiffner  and  Presthus  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public  Administration 4. S. R. Maheswari  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Indian  Administration   5. Avasthi  and  Maheswari  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public  Administration   6. Ramesh  K. Arora  and  Rajni  Goyal  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Indian  Public  Administration   7. Report  of  Administrative  Reforms  Commission  on  Personnel  Administration M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2004)   PAPER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III:  INDIAN  ADMINISTRATION   Unit  Ã‚  Ã‚  I:  a). The  legacy  of  Indian  Administration  ­Ã‚  Evolution  ­Ã‚  Kautilya  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Moghal   period  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  British  period  and  Constitutional  Framework. b)  . Structure  of  Indian  Administration  :  Prime  Minister’s  role  Ã‚ ­Ã‚   Central  Secretariat  Ã‚ ­ Cabinet  Secretariat  Ã‚ ­ PMO   c). All  India  services  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  UPSC   Unit  Ã‚  II:  Ã‚  State  Administration   a). State  Secretarial  :  Chief  Secretary   State  Services. b). Role  of  District  Collector. c). Planning  Machinery  at  the  State  level  ­Ã‚  District  Planning. Unit  Ã‚  III:  Issues  of  Indian  Bureaucracy   a). Political  Executive  and  Bureaucracy   b). Indian  Bureaucracy:  A  case  for  representatives. c). The  Generalist  and  the  Specialist  in  Indian  Administration. Unit  IV:  a). Administration  of  Planning:  Planning  Commission  and  National   Development  council. b). Centre  Ã‚ ­ State  Administrative  Relations. c). People’s  Participation  in  Grassroots  Development  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Janma  Bhoomi  ­Ã‚   Micro ­Planning. Unit  V:  a). Citizen ­Ã‚  Administration  ­Ã‚  Redressal  of  Citizens’  Grievances  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Lokpal  and   Lokayukta  in  Andhra  Pradesh. b). Corruption  in  Indian  Public  Life  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Role  of  Central  Vigilance  Commission. c). Administrative  Reforms  and  innovations  in  India. Readings:   1. Ramesh  k. Arora  and  Rajni  Goyal   :  Indian  Public  Administration,   Wishwa  Prakashan,  New  Delhi,  1995. 2. Hoshiar  Singh  and  Mohinder  singh:  Public  Administration  in  India,  Sterling,   New  Delhi,  1995. 3. Hoshiar  Singh   :  Indian  Administration   4. R. B. Jain   :  Contemporary  issues  in  Indian   Administration,  Vishal,  Delhi,  1976. 5. Haridwar  Rai  and  S. P. Singh   :  Current  Ideas  and  issues  in  Public   Administration,   th   6. S. R. Maheswari   :  Indian  Administration  (5   Edition)   7. J. C. Johari   :  Indian  Political  System. 8. Hariharadas   :  Political  System  of  India. Students  are  required  to  consult  relevant  articles   from   journals  relating  to  public   administration  especially  the  Indian  Journal  of  Public  Administration M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2004)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  IV  Ã‚  PANCHAYATI  RAJ  IN  INDIA UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  I  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION   1. Definition,  Scope  and  Importance  of  Local  ­Ã‚  Self  Government. 2. History  of  Rural  Local –  Self  Government  in  India  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Ancient,  Medieval   and  British  Periods. UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  PANCHAYATI  RAJ  SYSTEM  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ NATIONAL  PERSPECTIVE   rd   Genesis  and  Development  of  Panchayati  Raj –  Significance  of  73   Constitutional  Ã‚  Amendment  Act   2. Board  Pattern  of  Panchayati  Raj  System –  Structure  and  Function   1. UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  PANCHAYATI  RAJ  SYSTEM  IN  ANDHRA  PRADESH   1. Important  Ã‚  Features  of  the  A. P. Panchayati  Raj  Act  of  1994. 2. Functioning  of  Panchayati  Raj  Institutions. UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  IV  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  PANCHAYATI  RAJ  SYSTEM:  IMPORTANT  AREAS   1. Panchayati  Raj  Finances  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Role  of  State  Finance  Commission   2. Panchayati Raj –  State  Relations Reference  Books:   1. S. R. Maheswari  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Local  Government  in  India   2. G. Ram  Reddy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patterns  of  Pancharati  Raj. 3. B. S. Khanna  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Panchayati  Raj   in  India   4. M. Bapuji   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tulanaatmaka  Sthaanika  Prabhutwalu   (Comparative  Local  Governments)  in  Telugu,  Telugu M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2004)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  V. a  (Optional)  POLICE  ADMINISTRATION UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  I  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION   1. Nature  and  Importance  Police  Administration   2. Origin  and  Growth  of  Police  Administration  Ã‚  in  India   3. Police  Administration  in  Andhra  Pradesh:  Salient  Features. UNIT    ­Ã‚  11  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  STRUCTURE  OF  POLICE  ADMINISTRATION   1. Police  Administration  at  Central  Level   2. Police  Administration  at  State  and  District  Levels   3. Police  Administration  at  Cutting  Edge. UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  HUMAN  RESOURCE  ASPECTS  OF  POLICE  ADMINISTRATION   1. Recruitment  and  Training   2. Morale  and  Motivation   3. Police  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  Code  of  Conduct  and  Disciplinary  Rules. UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  IV  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  SOME  IMPORTANT  ISSUES   1. Public  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Police  Relations   2. Reforms  in  Police  Administration   3. Police  and  Trade  Union  Rights Reference  Books:   1. R. K. Bhardwaj  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Indian  Police  Administration   2. Girija  Shah  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Modern  Police  Administration   3. S. Sen  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Police  in  Democratic  State   4. J. Singh  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Inside  Indian  Police   5. Favrean,  Donald   and  Gillespic,  Joseph  E. ,  Modern  Police  Administration M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   SEMESTER  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  2004)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  V. b(Optional)  SOCIAL  WELFARE  Ã‚  ADMINISTRATION UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  1  :  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION   1. Concepts  of  Welfare  and  Social  Welfare   2. Meaning,  Scope  and  Importance  of  Social  Welfare  Administration   UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II  :  Ã‚  SOCIAL  WELFARE  ADMINISTRATION  IN  INDIA   1. Social  Welfare  Ã‚  Policies  of  Government  of  India   2. Structure   of   Social   Welfare   Administration   at   the   Centre,   State   and   District  levels   UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III  :  Ã‚  WELFARE  SCHEMES  AND  PROGRAMMES  CONCERNING   1. Scheduled  Castes  and  Scheduled  Tribes   2. Women  and  Children   UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  IV  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  AGENCIES  OF  SOCIAL  WELFARE   1. Governmental  Agencies   2. Non ­Governmental  Agencies. Reference  Books:   1. T. S. Simey   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Principles  of  Social  Administration   2. Paul  D. Chowdury   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social  Welfare  Administration  in  India   3. F. W. Reid   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social  Welfare  Administration   4. Walter  A. Forieldlander   :  Ã‚  Introduction  to  Social  Welfare. M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003 ­04)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  I  Ã‚  COMPARATIVE  Ã‚  POLITICS   UNIT. I  :  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION   1. Meaning,  Nature  and  Scope  of  Comparative  Politics   2. Growth  of  the  Study  of  Comparative  Politics   3. Major  Approaches  to  Comparative  Politics   UNIT. II  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  POLITICAL  DEVELOPMENT  AND  POLITICAL  DEPENDENCY   1. Concept  of  Development  Syndrome  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Lucian  Pye   2. Centre ­Periphery –  Third  World  Perspective   3. Origin  and  Relevance  of  Dependency  Theory   UNIT. III  :  Ã‚  POLITICAL  IDEOLOGY  AND  PARTY  SYSTEMS   1. Political  Ideology:  Meaning,  Nature  and  General  Characteristics   2. Ideologies  of  Liberalism,  Fascism  and  Marxism   3. Nature,  Functions  and  Typology  of  Party  Systems   UNIT. IV  :  Ã‚  CONSTITUTINALISM   1. Meaning  and  Development  of  the  Term   2. Constitutionalism  in  the  West  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ England,  France  and  America   3. Problems  and  Prospects  of Constitutionalism  in  Developing  Countries Reading  List:   1. Gabriel  Almond  and  Bingham  Powell  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Comparative  Politics:  A  Development   Approach   2. Lucian  Pye   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aspects  of  Political  Development   3. J. C. Johari  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Comparative  Politics   4. Howard,  J. Wiarda  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New  Directions  in  Comparative  Politics   5. Mortan R. Davies  &  Vaugham  A. Lewis:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Models  of  Political  System   6. S. N. Ray  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Modern  Comparative  Politics   7. Gwendolen  Carter  &  John  H. Herz  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government  and  Politics  in  the  Twentieth   Century   8. Samuel,  H. Beer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Modern  Political  Development M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003 ­04) PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II  APPROACHES  AND  THEORY  IN  INTERNATIONAL  RELATIONS UNIT. I  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction  :  Ã‚  The  Nature  of  International  Relations   b)  Ã‚  Normative  Approaches,  Ã‚  Structuralism  and  Neo ­Realism   UNIT. II  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Power,  Influence  and  Authority,  Realistic  Theory   b)   Decision –  Making  Analysis   UNIT. III  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  a)   Systems  Approach   b)   Commun ication  Theory   UNIT  . IV  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  a)  Ã‚  Integration  Theory,  Marxist  Perspective   b)   Peace  Research Reference  Books:   1. Bull  H   :   International   Theory:   The   Case   for   Classical   Approach,  World  Politics   2. Knorr,  K,,  &  Rosenau,  J. N. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contending  Approaches  to  International  Politics   3. Clude,  I. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Power  and  International  Relations   4. Herz,  J. H. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  International  Politics  in  Atomic  Age   5. Kaplan,  M. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  System  and  Process  in  International  Politics   5. Trevor   Taylor(ed. )                                                                           :         Approaches   and   Theory   in   International   Relations   6. Margot  Light  and  A. J. R. Groom  :  Ã‚  International  Relations  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  A  Handbook  of  Current   Theory M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003 ­04)   PAPER  III:  MODERN  POLITICAL  THEORY   Introductory   The  Nature  of  Political  Theory   Influence  of  Positivism  on  Political  Theory   Empirical  Political  Theory   Perspectives  on  the  Modern  State:  Liberal  and  Marxist   Central  Concepts  Related  to  the  Modern  State   Legitimacy:  Legitimation  Crisis  of  the  Modern  State   Rights:  Natural  Rights,  Welfare  Rights   Liberty:  Negative  and  Positive  Liberty? Marxian  Notion  of  Liberty   Justice:  Different  Conceptions   New  Directions   Post  Modernism:  Michel  Foucault  on  Power   Feminist  Perspectives  on  Patriarchy  and  Power   Communitarianism   Issues  and  Ideas  in  Contemporary  Political  Theory End  of  History:  Francis  Fukuyama   Clash  of  Civilizations:  Samuel  Huntington   Third  Way:  Anthony  Giddens   Post ­Liberalism:  John  Gray Recommended  Books:   S. P. Varma,  Modern  Political  Theory   Madan  G. Gandhi,  Modern  Political  Theory   J. C. Johari,  Contemporary  Political  Theory   III. David  Miller,  Social  Justice   Robert  Dahl,  Modern  Political  Analysis   N. Barry,  An  Introduction  to  Modern  Political  Theory   Michael  Freeden,  Rights   Zygmunt  Bauman,  Freedom   David  Held,  Political  Theory  and  the  Modern  State   Andrew  Vincent,  Theories  of  the  State   Vidhu  Varma,  Justice,  Equality  and  Community:  An  Essay  in  Marxist  Theory   Michel  Foucault,  Power/Knowledge   Diana  Coole,  Women  in  Political  Theory   Francis  Fukuyama,  The  End  of  History  and  the  Last  Man   Samuel  J. Huntington,  The  Clash  of  Civilizations  and  the  Remaking  of  World  Order   Anthony  Giddens,  The  Third  Way   John  Gray,  Post ­liberalism:  Studies  in  Political  Thought M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003 ­04)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  IV:  MODERN  INDIAN  POLITICAL  THOUGHT UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  1  :  Ã‚  Foundations  Ã‚  of  Modern  Indian  Political  Thought   1. Rammohan  Roy   2. Dayananda  Saraswati   3. Bala  Gangadhara  Tilak   UNIT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II  :  Ã‚  Gandhian  Thought   1. Non ­Ã‚  Violence  and  Satyagraha   2. Relationship  between  Means  and  Ends. 3. Concept  of  State  and  Government. UNIT  Ã‚ ­Ã‚   III  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socialist  and  Humanist  Thought   1. Ram  Manohar  Lohia   2. Jawaharlal  Nehru   3. M. N. Roy   UNIT    ­ IV  :  Ã‚  Problem  of  Minorities  and  Backward  Social  Groups   1. M. A. Jinnah   2. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, General  Readings:   1. Sankar  Ghose  ,  Modern  Indian  Political  Thought   2. O. P. Goyal? Studies  in  Modern  Indian  Political  Thought   3. G. N. Sarma  and  Moin  Shakir,  Politics  and  Society:  Ã‚  Ram  Mohan  Roy  to  Nehru   4. V. P. Varma,  Modern  Indian  Political  Thought Recommended  Readings:   th   1. A. Appadorai,  Indian  Political  Thinking  in  the  20   Century  from  Naoroji  to  Nehru   2. O. P. Goyal,  Contemporary  Indian  Political  Thought   3. A. M. Zaidi,  Encylopaedia  of  Indian  National  Congress  (Students  should  refer   relevant  sections  in  Ã‚  different  Volumes)   4. Bipin  Chandra,  Nationalism  and  Colonialism  in  Modern  India   5. A. R. Desai,  Social  Backward  of  Indian  Nationalism   6. Thomas  Pantham  and  Deutsch,  Modern  Political  Thought  in  India   7. K. P. Karunakaran,  Democracy  in  India M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003 ­04)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  V. a  (Optional):  DIPLOMACY   UNIT  Ã‚  I  :   1. The  Nature  and  Origins  of  Modern  Diplomacy. 2. The  Development  of  Diplomatic  Theory   UNIT  Ã‚  II  :  1. The  Transition  from  Old  Diplomacy  to  New  Diplomacy   2. Democratic  Diplomacy   UNIT  Ã‚  III  :  1. Recent  Changes  in  Diplomatic  Practice   2. Points  of  Diplomatic  Procedure   UNIT  Ã‚  IV  :  1. Propaganda  and  Diplomacy   2. Diplomacy  in  the  UN Reference  Books:   1. Bailey,  Sydney  B. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  The  General  Assembly  of  the  United  Nations,  Stevens   2. Bowles,  Chester. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ambassador’s  Report,  NY,  Haper   3. Briggs,  Hebert  W. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  The  Law  of  Nations,  NY,  Appleton ­Century ­Crofts   4. Carr,  E. H. :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The  Twenty  Years  of  Crisis,  London,  Macmillan   5. Huddleston  Sisley  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Popular  Diplomacy  and  War,  Peterborough   6. Krishna  Murthy,  G. V. G:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dynamics  of  Diplomacy,  National  Publishing  House,   New  Delhi   7. Nicolson  Harold  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diplomacy,  London,  Oxford  University  Press   8. Plischke,  Elmer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Summit  Diplomacy,  Maryland   9. Satow  Sir  Ernest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A  Guide  to  Diplomatic  Practice,  Longmans M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE   SEMESTER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  III   (From  the  academic  year  2003 ­04)   PAPER  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  V  b  (Optional):  POLITICAL  ECONOMY UNIT ­Ã‚  I:   Theories  of  Political  Economy? a)  Classical  Political  Economy  ­Ã‚  Adam  Smith  and  David  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ricardo. b)  Marxian  Political  Economy. UNIT  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  II:  a)  Theories  of  Underdevelopment  Ã‚ ­ A. G. Frank,  Samir  Amin. b)   Liberalization  and  its  Implications  for  National  Economies. UNIT ­Ã‚   III:  a)  Impact  of  Colonial  Rule  on  Indian  Economy. b)  Indian  Economy:  Important  Features. UNIT ­IV:   a)  State  Directed  Economy. b)  Structural  Adjustment. BOOKS  RECOMMENDED:   1. Koxlou,  G. A. 2. Afanasye,  L. 3. Bardan,  Pranab   4. Howard,  M. C. 5. Bagchi,  A. K. 6. Frankel  & Frankel   7. Amartya  Sen   8. Robert  Lucas  and  Gustav   Planack   9. Ranjit  Sau   10. C. T. Kurein   11. D. J. Byres   12. Micheal  Clossudosky   13. Partha  Chatterje   14. B. A. V. Sharma    ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  Socialism    ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  Capitalism    ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  Development  in  India    ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  Marx    ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  Under  Development.  ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  India,  1947 ­77.  ­Ã‚  Commodities  and  Capabilities.  ­Ã‚  Indian  Economy:  Recent  Developments  and  Future  Prospect.  ­Ã‚  Indian  Economic  Development.  ­Ã‚  Globalisation  and  Indian  Economy.  ­Ã‚  The  State  Development  Planning  and  Liberalisation  in  India.  ­Ã‚  The  Globalisation  of  Poverty.  ­Ã‚  State  and  Politics  in  India.  ­Ã‚  Political  Economy  of  India. M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  &  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION Semester  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  &  M. A. Public  Administration  students   with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2002 ­03) Paper  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ II  :  Western  Political  Thought  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ II. 1. Liberalism   Adam  Smith:  Political  Economy   Jeremy  Benthan:  Principle  of  Utility J. S. Mill:Liberty,  Representative  Government   2. Contemporary  Ã‚  Liberalism   F. A. Hayek  on  Liberty   Robert  Nozick:  Minimal  State   John  Rawis:  Theory  of  Justice   3. Socialism   Early  Socialists:  Saint  Simon  and  Robert  Owen   Marl  Marx:  Critique  of  Capitalism,  Revolution   Antonio  Gramsci:  Civil  Society  and  Hegemony   4. Revisions  to  Socialism   Revisions  to  Marxism:  Eduard  Bemstein   Critical  theory:  Herbert  Marcuse   Post ­Marxism:  Emesto  Laclau   Recent  Trends  in  Socialist  Theory. Recommended  Books:   Sukhabir  Singh,  History  of  Political  Thought   G. H. Sabine,  A  History  of  Political  Theory   Anthony  Crespigny  and  Kenneth  Minlgue,  Contemporary  Political  Philosophers   Bhiku  Parekh,  Contemporary  Political  Thinkers   V. Krishna  Rao,  Paschatya  Rajaniti  Tatvavicharamu  (in  Telugu)   Robert  Nozick,  Anarchy,  State  and  Utopia   John  Gray,  Liberalism   Bernard  Crick,  Socialism   David  Held,  An  Introduction  to  Critical  Theory   Roger  Simon,  Gramsd’s  Political  Thought:  An  Introduction   Emesto Laciau,  Reflections  on  the  Revolution  of  Our  Time   David  Muller,  Market,  Sate  and  Community   G. A. Cohen,†Is  There  Still  a  Case  for  Socialism† M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  &  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION Semester  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  &  M. A. Public  Administration  students   with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2002 ­03) Paper  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ II  :  Contemporary  Administrative  Theory Unit  ­Ã‚   I. a)  Elton  Mayo:  Human  Relations  Theory   b)  Herbert  A  Simon:  Decision  Making  Theory   a)  Motivation  Theory:  Abraham  Maslow –  Hierarchy  of  Needs   b)  Frederck  Herzberg:  Motivation  _  Hygiene  Theory   a)  Douglas  McGregor:  Theory  Ã¢â‚¬ËœX’  and  Theory  Ã¢â‚¬ËœY’   b)  Chris  Argynis:  Integration  Between  the  individual  and  the  organization. Unit –  II. Unit ­ III. Unit ­IV. a)  Rensis  Likert:  Management  Systems   b)  Theories  of  Leadership  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Michigan  Studies,  Chio  State  Leadership   Studies,  Group  Dynamics,  Managerial  Grid  and  Contingency  Model. Unit  ­Ã‚   V. a)  Policy  Analysis:  Yehzkel  Dror. b)  New  Public  Administration:  Minnobrook  Perspective. Readings:   1. Prasad  R  and  Others  (ed)   2. S. P. Naidu   :  Administrative  Thinkers(Telugu  /  English)   :  Public  Administration:  Theories  and  Concepts. New  Age  International  Publications,  Hyd,1996. 3. Hoshiar  Singh  &  Pradeep   :  Administrative  Theory,  Kitab  Mahal,   Sachdeva. New  Delhi,1999. 4. Fred  Luthans   :  Organizational  Behavior   5. Likert  R. ,   :  New  Patterns  of  Management   6. Argyris  C. :  Personality  and  Organization   7. Prank  Marini   :  New  Public  Administration.  · Students  are  required  to  consult  relevant  articles  from  journals  relating  to  public  administration   especially  the  Indian  Journal  of  Public  Administration. M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  &  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION   Semester  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II   (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  &  M. A. Public  Administration  students   with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2002 ­03) Paper  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ III  :  Public  Policy   Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚   I. a)  Public  Policy:  Meaning,  Nature,  Scope  and  Importance. b)  The  Pioneers:Harold  D. Lasswell  and  Yehezkel  Dror. Policy  Formulation:  Some  Models   a)   Systems  Model   b)   Group  Model   c)   Elite  Model   Theories  of  Decision –  Making:   a)   Rational  Comprehensive  Theory   b)   Incremental  Theory   c)   Mixed –  Scanning Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚   II. Unit  Ã¢â‚¬â€œIII. Unit ­IV. Unit  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  V. Evaluation  of  Public  Policies   Public  Policies  in  India:   a)   Industrial  Policy   b)   Agrarian  Policy   Recommended  Text  Books:   1. Anderson,  James  E. :  Public  Policy  making   2. Dye,  Thomas  R:  Under  Standing  Public  Policy   3. Yehzakel  Dror:  Ventures  in  Policy  Sciences:  Concepts  and  Applications. 4. Dutt  and  Sundaram:  Indian  Economy   Recommended  Reference  Books:   1. Laswell,Harold. D. :  Policy  Sciences,  International   Encyclopaedia  of  Social  Sciences. 2. Dye,  Thomas  R. :  Policy  Analysis   3. Ira  Sharankasy  (ed. )   :  Policy  Analysis  in  Political  Science   4. Charles  E. Lindblom   :  The  Policy  making  process   5. Daniel  Lernor  and  H. D. Lasswell   :  The  Poplicy  Sciences:  Recent   Development  in  Scope  and  Method   6. Di  Nitto,  Diana  M,  and  Dye,  Thomas  R   :Social  Welfare:  Politics  and  Public  Policy   7. Francis  Ankle   :  India’s  Political  Economy  1947 ­77:  The   Gradual  Revolution. 8. Jag  Mohan  (ed. )   :  25  years  of  Indian  Independence   9. M. Kistaiah   :  Public  Policy  and  Administration   10. Srimal  Mohan  Lal   :  Land Reforms  in  India  Promise  and   performance. 11. Raja  Purohit  A. R. (ed. )   :  Land  Reforms  in  India   12. Sharma,  B. A. V. (ed. )   :  Political  Economy  of  India:  A  Study  of   Land  Reforms. 13. Vijay  Joshi  an  IMD  Little   :  India’s  Economic  Reforms  1991 ­2001   14. Dreze  Jeep  and  Amarty  Sen  (eds. )   :  The  Political  Economy  of  Hunger. 15. M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE &  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION. Semester  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  &  M. A. Public  Administration  students with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2002 ­03) Paper ­IV. Research  Methodology Unit  Ã‚ ­Ã‚   I. :Social  Research  and  Methods   1. Traditional Methods   2. Scientific  Method   3. Importance  of  Social  Research   :  Theory  Formation   1. Theory   2. Facts  and  Values   3. Concept  Formation Unit –  II. Unit ­III. Hypothesis  and  Research  Design   1. formation  of  Hypothesis   2. Testing  of  Hypothesis   3. Research  Design   Unit –  IV. Collection  and  Analysis  of  Data  and  Report  Writing   1. Sampling,  Observation,  Interview  and  Questionnaire   2. Analysis  of  Data   3. Report  Writing Reading  List:   1. W. J. Goode  &  P. K. Hatt:  Methods  of  Social  Research   2. Wilkinson  &  Bhandarkar:  Methodology  and  Techniques  of  Social  Research   3. Pauline  Young:  Scientific  Social  Surveys. M. A. POLITICAL  SCIENCE  &  M. A. PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATION Semester  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  II (Common  for  both  M. A. Political  Science  & M. A. Public  Administration  students   with  effect  from  the  academic  year  2002 ­03) Paper ­III. Indian  Political  Process Unit ­Ã‚   I   . :  1. Indian  Polity:  Theoretical  Framework   2. Socip  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Political  Legacies  :  Hindu,  British  and  Gandhian   :  1.

Practice Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Practice Study - Essay Example Recently the client was diagnosed with fronto-temporal lobe dementia. Client denies his mental illness condition and allegations. During the study the focus had been in the theories of social work, medical studies, psychology and others to gain knowledge to guide our understanding to understand the reaction pattern of the client and help him. The study also has an objective to understand its contribution to the development of the student of social work. Various theories of social work have been studied. Based on the background and medical history of the client and inputs from various working professionals like supervisor, GP, psychologist and others the appropriate theories have been practiced. The client would be referred as BM to preserve the confidentiality under Data Protection Act 1970. The involvement in the case of BM was due to the eighty-day placement requirement of the study. To understand background of the client the first requirement was to study his recorded file. The information from this source can be grouped in: BM belongs to the senior citizen group. His age is 73 years. He is of the Caribbean origin. BM is originally from Jamaica. He had come to UK in 1956. He lives alone. BM case is a good example of race and ethnicity. He is being treated equally and getting the proper care and support by the professionals irrespective of their age, sex, community or race. With the prior experience in first placement and knowledge expansion the priority was to understand the background and specifications about the client to apply any practice theory. Among these the most important factor here was client’s physical and mental health. Client has a divorced life and has been in touch with his son. Family support for the client was the minimum. He has a lonely life. In December 2004, BM was admitted under Section 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983. The

Legalization of Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legalization of Drugs - Essay Example However, before entering to the discussion about whether these drugs need to be legalized or not, it is necessary first to understand what drugs are. According to Gottfried, (2010), drugs are chemical components that are taken by individuals and have effect on how body works or functions. However, not all drugs are unsuitable. Medicines are legal drugs, but they help fight diseases and help the body function better. Nonetheless, some drugs are illegal. These are drugs that are addictive and have negative effects on human beings. Rationale of society and drugs The issue of legalizing drugs draws mixed reactions because different cultures have different views regarding the use and significance of these drugs. For example, some societies believe that the use of some drugs like marijuana has some spiritual significance attached to it (Gottfried, 2010). Cultures like Rasta movement popularly practiced in Jamaica believe that using marijuana is holy and has no harm using it. They believe t hat since marijuana is herb created by God and has the capability to make one feel high, should be legalized. On the other hand, some people highly believe in use of these drugs as a recommendation from traditional medicine men and women who recommend them to their patients. example, â€Å"Marijuana, is said to have important therapeutic effects and its seeds are highly nutritious† (Gottfried, 2010, 28). However, this has been met with considerable controversy. â€Å"Marijuana has been said to relieve certain types of pain, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms occasioned by such illnesses as cancer and HIV/AIDS† (Aquino, 2005, 1). ... It is crucial to note that even if some researches indicate such importance of marijuana, it should be only used under directions of a qualified medical practitioner. Proponents’ of view on legalization of illegal drugs Proponents of legalization of illegal drugs argue that legalizing drugs is the only solution to win the war against these drugs. It is true that the war against illegal drugs is an expensive undertaking. According to Worth, (2010), it involves expensive training of police officers and other agents in the war against drugs. In fact, proponents argue that the government can make large sums of revenue from the sale of these drugs instead of wasting a lot of resources to fight the same business that would otherwise benefit it. They believe this is the war the government can not win because dealers of these drugs invent new strategy to evade police arrest every new day. At the same time, they claim that if these drugs are legalized, many people will make money by in volving themselves in the drug business. Charles, (2008) noted that â€Å"this goes hand in hand with the idea that drugs encourage and attract criminal activities† (43). To counteract this, the proponents of legalizing these drugs argue that people engage in criminal activities due to unemployment and idleness (Gottfried, 2010). It is surprising how they argue that drug use is a personal decision, and it involves the life of the user. They argue that those that take these drugs have personal benefits accrued from these drugs. Some cite the importance of leisure, which is obtained from these drugs, and they argue that â€Å"all people have a right to choose the kind of leisure to have from the available choices†

The Nursing Care Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Nursing Care Management - Case Study Example When she is stressed, anxious, or having manifestations of manic depression despite having regular medications, extra support from a community nurse is available on the grounds of deterioration of her mental health. In this work, the care of Pat will be analyzed on the basis of the theoretical framework of nursing process where the role of learning disability nurses would be examined as far as clinical governance, ethical issues, and evidence from current research are concerned. This would also include critical analysis of emerging issues and implications on professional practice when it is delivering a care that is person-centred along or in collaboration including therapeutic interventions that are suggested by evidence from research. The planned care would then be critically analyzed and evaluated based on the principles of clinical governance and research evidence. Finally, everything should culminate into learning as far as learning disability nursing is considered. Theoretical framework to provide structure: This is the story of a young woman with learning disability, where her clinical situation has been complicated by detection and diagnosis mental health disorder such as manic depression and other medical disorder. This is a complex process due to her limited vocabulary and insights, and skill deficits. Therefore, the nursing assessment process that would lead ultimately to a care plan would need to include details of her skills and abilities, nature and pattern of behaviour in a diverse range of environments, relationships and understanding of her own emotions and of other people around her. To be able to implement these in practice, a theoretical framework is very necessary. These theoretical frameworks for practice have been derived from nursing theories.... This paper approves that medical history indicating stressors of long-term illness of complex partial seizures, mental illness of manic depression, medications against mental illness and seizures, and learning disabilities. A combination of these would lead to emotional disabilities. Conditions such as these can isolate individual who feels disconnected from others, resulting in difficulty relating in social situations. Presence of visual or hearing impairments are to be noted since presence of these in her case may lead to a situation where she may find communication barriers are increased, social interaction is affected, and interventions need to be designed to promote involvement with others in positive ways. This report makes a conclusion that the nursing care management must take care of the need to establish therapeutic relationship using positive regard for the person, active-listening and providing safe environment for self-disclosure. Client who is having difficulty interacting in social situations needs to feel comfortable and accepted before she is willing to talk about self and concerns. Client needs to learn social skills, because she has never learned the elements of interacting with others in social settings. Role-playing one-on-one is less threatening and can help individual identify with another and practice new social skills. Having client to participate in a controlled group environment, for example Pat and Jim, provides opportunities to try out different behaviours in a built-in social setting where members can make friends and provide mutual advice and comfort. Positive reinforcement for improvement in social behaviours and interactions should be provided since this enco urages continuation of desired behaviours/efforts for change.

Principles of Marketing for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of Marketing for Business - Essay Example One such theory is the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs proposed by Abraham Maslow. Their motivational theory is largely based on a hierarchy of needs. These hierarchical levels can be defined into lower to higher levels as shown in the figure below: Figure 1: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Source: Phinney & Halstead, 2003, p.15) Marketers can use this theory in conducting market research about consumer behaviour of a target market audience. It is a well known fact that a successful product is largely one that can satisfy the needs and wants of the customers. Hence marketers spend considerable time and resources towards trying to figure out the demands of the customers. The model of hierarchy shows that only when the needs in the lower part of the pyramid are fulfilled the individuals are motivated to fulfil the next level. Marketers can therefore use this model to predict the needs and wants and also use surveys to find out the level of the needs that are being satisfied by t he present product offering. Adequate motivation can be provided in the form of innovative advertising strategies so as to motivate individuals to move to the next level of hierarchy. An example in this regard is the computers. Initially computers were desktop based devices and thus fulfilled the basic needs of computing, however as the basic needs of individuals got fulfilled they wanted more value from the products. The arrival of laptops and now tablets is a classic example of how this motivational theory can be used by marketers to gain competitive advantage. Question 2 Choose a product and explain how the market for that product could be segmented. One of the most useful and highly innovative products is the tablet PC. The tablet PC is actually a modification of the laptop and is much smaller in size but has advanced functions and can be very well used as a mobile computing device. The market for tablet PC can be segmented on the basis of price as well as quality. In the curren t situation a tablet PC would be designed that would have optimal functions and same looks but would be priced on a lower level. The market for tablet PC’s can be segmented on the basis of income levels and age. The low cost tablet would be specifically targeted for the student segment. The product features of the product would be such that it would tend to satisfy all the needs of students with regards to using such devices in their educational needs. It will not carry advanced features like 3G or other high end graphics that are essentially not required for students in their educational activities. The product would come at a very low price tag of only 40 US dollars. The above stated segmentation strategy can largely be stated to be price and need based segmentation of the market. In the case highlighted above the product is segmented for lower income group individuals with a specific need. In this case students perfectly fall into this segment. Other than this there are st atistical techniques and tools like cluster analysis and factor analysis that can be used by marketers as a marketing research tool. Gathering real and live data from the market can help generate even better analysis and results and help generate competitive advantage in the market. Part 2 The environment The market environment is perhaps a very important area for marketers. Any organization is largely

Cities and Economic Development Annotated Bibliography - 5

Cities and Economic Development - Annotated Bibliography Example The book A Brief History of the Western World covers some of the most important aspects of Western history, covering each era in some detail. Although the earlier sections do focus on prehistory and the times of the Roman Empire, the latter sections of the book do contain information about the â€Å"Rise of the West† and the influences that other cultures have had on Western history, philosophy and politics. Some of the most interesting sections explore the rise of Christianity, which had several influences beyond the West and still has a hold on Western ideals today. Additionally, much of the information on medieval culture provides information about how important Eastern philosophies (particularly those in the Middle East and from Iberia) were important in defining the new political era. Overall, the book shows that the West held growing importance in world history during this time, despite heavy influences from other cultures. Huntington, Samuel P. â€Å"The Clash of Civil izations?† Foreign affairs (1993): 22–49. Print. This paper was published in an attempt to use world history to outline the differences between civilizations all over the world. This paper is interesting because it shows the differences between the West and other cultures by showing how they evolved over time. It gives insight into the elements that the West â€Å"borrowed† from other cultures by integrating it into their own, including parts of philosophy, language, and culture. Although the paper is short, it does give a lot of insight into the topic of world history. It is useful for my research because it supports the hypothesis that the West has developed into being a strong global entity with a multitude of civilizations. It also supports the hypothesis that there are many different cultural elements in the West that have been developed through interactions with other cultures. Levi, Giovanni, and Schmitt, Jean Claude. A History of Young People in the West: Ancient and Medieval Rites of Passage. Harvard University Press, 1997. Print. This book focuses on how young people have been perceived throughout Western history and the rites of passage that they have gone through. This book is very specific to young people and youth, particularly focusing on how these people have been perceived and treated throughout history. Despite this specificity, this book underlines some of the major transformations the West has been through during the Middle Ages. It provides a useful point of comparison between historical youth and modern youth, and conclusions can be drawn about the evolution of this group of people from the book. Additionally, it is interesting to see how one group of people have affected and been affected by history.

How its made Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How its made - Essay Example 23-29, 2005). Sandpaper first came out in the 13th century, invented by the Chinese when strong and tough materials of that age, such as shell pieces, seeds, and sand adhered to parchment rolls through natural gum obtained from the trees. In those days, people also made use of natural rough surfaces such as fish skin with scales to achieve results similar to that of sandpaper. However, the first invention, which looked much more like today’s sandpaper came out as glass paper, formed through pieces of glass and sand combined together on paper. By 1716, coated paper came forward in Paris, but the original invention of sandpaper goes back into 1834 in United States by Isaac Fischer, Jr., of  Springfield, Vermont. Its grade further improved when it took over another property of also being waterproof in 1916, changing from sandpaper to Wetrodry, which helped improve the grade quality without acting as a seal upon automotive paint refinishing. The most peculiar use of sandpaper is its application as a musical instrument by Leroy Anderson in his famous  Sandpaper Ballet (Capotosto, pp. 73, 1991). Sandpaper, no matter with its name specifically refers to surface of paper and sand, in reality denies the presence of both the materials, but is completely made of other organic or synthetic minerals and adhesives. There are many materials other than the simple usage of sand and paper, in the development of this multi functioning piece of paper, which give it its unique qualities. Most significantly, the abrading materials, which give it the aggressive wiping ability comes through the combination of many materials. These include flint, garnet (for wood work), emery (substance used for cleaning metal surfaces), aluminum oxide (giving the paper its metal oxide property), silicon carbide (only used in very fine grits),